BIOL 207 Molecular Genetics and Heredity Review Questions and Detailed Answers

BIOL 207 Molecular Genetics and Here
et et et et et


dity

TypicaletdefinitionetofetGeneticset-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ Theetstudyetofetgenes,etheredity,etandetgeneticetvariat
et



ion



Whatetisetaetgene?et-etcorrectetanswer✔ ✔ •Basicetunitetofetheredity

•SequenceetofetDNAetthatetcodesetforetaetproductet(RNAetoretprotein)etandetit'setr
egulatoryetregions

•Locatedetonetchromosomes



Whatetisetanetallele?et-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ Oneetofettwoetoretmoreetversionsetofetaetgene
et




Whatetisetaetgenome?et-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ •Theetcompleteetsetetofetgeneticetmaterialetinetaetcellet
et



(includingetmitochondrial,etchloroplast,etplasmidetDNA)

•Includesetgenesetasetwelletasetnon-codingetDNAetregions

,GenesetvsetTraits/phenotypeset-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ •Genesetareetinherited
et




•Traits/phenotypeetareetnotetdirectlyetinherited

•Traits/phenotype

•Observableetcharacteristic
et




•Manifestetasetaetresultetofettheetgenesetanetindividualetcarries,etandettheetenviro
et


nmentetthatetinfluencesettheetexpressionetofettheetgenes

•Heritableettraitet-etwhenetaetparticularettraitetcanetbeetpassedetgenetically
et




Centraletdogmaet-etcorrectetanswer✔ ✔ DNAet->etRNAet->etProtein



Sinceetalletorganismsetareetthoughtettoethaveetevolvedetfrometaetcommonetances
toretthisetimplies?et-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ theetcodingetsystemetforetgeneticetinformationetisetth
et



eetsameetinetalletlivingetorganismset

ATCG

,ModeletGeneticetOrganismset-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ Organismsetwithetcharacteristicsetthatetmakeetthemet
et



usefuletforetgeneticetanalysis

-sixethaveetbeenettheetmostetintensivelyetstudiedetgenetically



Sixetmostetintensivelyetstudiedetorganismset-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ Fruitetfly,etE.etcoliet(bacterium),etNematode,etArabi
et



dopsisetthaliana,ethouseetmouse,etbakersetyeast



Commonetcharacteristicsetofetmodeletorganismset-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ 1.etShortetgenerationettime
et




2.etProductionetofetnumerousetprogeny

3.etTheetabilityettoetcarryetoutetcontrolledetgeneticetcrosses

4.etTheetabilityettoetbeetrearedetinetaetlaboratoryetenvironment

5.etTheetavailabilityetofetnumerousetgeneticetvariants

6.etAnetaccumulatedetbodyetofetknowledgeetaboutettheiretgeneticetsystems



Howethaveetmodeletorganismsetadvancedetouretknowledgeetofethumanetgenetic
s?et-

, correctetanswer✔ ✔ Helpedetidentifiedetthatetcertainetalleles/genesetareet
et



responsiblyetforetcertainetphenotypes.



Exampleetofetearlyetgeneticset-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ domesticationetofetplantsetandetanimals
et




Pangenesiset-etcorrectetanswer✔ ✔ -
eachetpartetofettheetbodyetcontainsetgeneticetinformationetforetthatetparticularetp
art

-
specificetparticlesetcalledetgemmulesetcarryetinfoetfrometpartsetofettheetbodyettoet
theetreproductiveetorganset(viaetblood)etthenetpassedettoettheetembryoetatettheetm
omentetofetconception



InheritanceetofetAcquiredetCharacteristicset/etLamarckianetInheritanceet-
correctetanswer✔ ✔ -
et



traitsetacquiredetinetaetperson'setlifetimeetbecomeetincorporatedetontoettheetpers
on'sethereditaryetinfoetandetareetpassedetontoetoffspringet

ex.etthoseetwhoetdevelopetmusicaletabilitiesetmayetpassetitetdoneettoetthereetchild
ren