Biology 301 Exam Review Questions and Verified Answers/Accurate Solutions| New Update
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Discrete Intervals Breeding during specific seasons (California Quail)
Five Observations of Natural Selection 1. Populations can grow in size
2. Populations are stable in long term
3. Resources are limited
4. Individuals in a population vary in important traits
5. Relatives resemble each other
Four Inferences of Natural Selection 1. Struggle for existence (more individuals than pop.
can carry)
2. Survival and reproductions are NOT random
3. Variation is heritable
4. Fitness partly depends on traits that are inherited
One Conclusion of Natural Selection The unequal ability of individuals to survive and
reproduce leads to changes in a population, thus favorable characteristics become more
common over generations- which shifts the average trait in the population toward a better
form (adaptation)
Phenotype Observable characteristics of an organisms that result from a specific genotype
interacting with its environment
Genotype A combination of alleles that determine the expression of a particular trait
Alleles Pairs or series of genes that determine the hereditary characteristics
Heterozygote An individual carrying two different types of allele
, Homozygote An individual carrying two of the same allele
Co-Dominant Two alleles have an equal impact on the phenotypic outcome and the
heterozygote is a combination of both alleles (Dominant Red, Dominant white, yields
heterozygote pink)
Gene Pool All of the alleles of all of the individuals that make up a population
Sources of Genetic Variation Mutations and gene recombination
Adaptation The average trait in a population shifts toward a better form
Fitness The ability to survive and reproduce to pass on their traits
Stabilizing Selection Selection favors the intermediate or average rather than the two
extremes
Directional Selection Selection favors one extreme rather than the other extreme or the
intermediate
Disruptive Selection Selection favors both extremes rather than the intermediate
Phenotypic Plasticity The capacity of an individual to respond to environmental variation
Trade-Offs Organisms cannot invest into everything, they invest in one trait rather than
another
Already Graded A+
Discrete Intervals Breeding during specific seasons (California Quail)
Five Observations of Natural Selection 1. Populations can grow in size
2. Populations are stable in long term
3. Resources are limited
4. Individuals in a population vary in important traits
5. Relatives resemble each other
Four Inferences of Natural Selection 1. Struggle for existence (more individuals than pop.
can carry)
2. Survival and reproductions are NOT random
3. Variation is heritable
4. Fitness partly depends on traits that are inherited
One Conclusion of Natural Selection The unequal ability of individuals to survive and
reproduce leads to changes in a population, thus favorable characteristics become more
common over generations- which shifts the average trait in the population toward a better
form (adaptation)
Phenotype Observable characteristics of an organisms that result from a specific genotype
interacting with its environment
Genotype A combination of alleles that determine the expression of a particular trait
Alleles Pairs or series of genes that determine the hereditary characteristics
Heterozygote An individual carrying two different types of allele
, Homozygote An individual carrying two of the same allele
Co-Dominant Two alleles have an equal impact on the phenotypic outcome and the
heterozygote is a combination of both alleles (Dominant Red, Dominant white, yields
heterozygote pink)
Gene Pool All of the alleles of all of the individuals that make up a population
Sources of Genetic Variation Mutations and gene recombination
Adaptation The average trait in a population shifts toward a better form
Fitness The ability to survive and reproduce to pass on their traits
Stabilizing Selection Selection favors the intermediate or average rather than the two
extremes
Directional Selection Selection favors one extreme rather than the other extreme or the
intermediate
Disruptive Selection Selection favors both extremes rather than the intermediate
Phenotypic Plasticity The capacity of an individual to respond to environmental variation
Trade-Offs Organisms cannot invest into everything, they invest in one trait rather than
another
