General medicine | diagnostic tools
HNH-27806
Acanthosis nicrigans (severe insulin resistance): blackish pigmentation at the nape of the neck and in the armpits
Agnosia: failure to recognize objects
Akinesia: slowing of movement, difficulty initiating movement
Apraxia: impaired ability to carry out skilled motor activities
Axillae: armpits
Bradykinesia: slowness
Diaphoresis: excessive sweating
Dysarthria: motor speech disorder; difficulty pronouncing words
Empyema: pus in pleural space of the lungs
Hemiparesis: weakness on one entire side of the body
Hemiplegia: weakness on one entire side of the body
Laseque’s sign: in lying position raising the fully stretched left leg is painfull and possible only to a limited extent
Palpitations: hartkloppingen
Vertigo: draaiduizeligheid
Stupor: unconsciousness
Paraparesis: partial paralysis of both legs
Tetraparesis: all four limbs are weak
Endarterectomy: preventive surgery to clear carotid arteries of atherosclerotic plaques
Haemoptysis: giving up bloody sputum
Aphasia: inability to comprehend or formulate language
Melaena: black, tarry stools indicating upper gastro-intestinal bleeding
8-3-2020 14:44 1-6
, Diagnostic tool Reference values Abnormalities Meaning
Body temperature 36.5 - 37.5 °C Fever > 38 °C
BP
Blood pressure 120/80 mmHg Hypertension > 140/90 mmHg
Systolic/diastolic
Blood volume 4.5 – 5 L
Cholesterol Hypercholesterolaemia > 5 mmol/L
LDL-cholesterol High LDL-cholesterol > 3.5 mmol/L
Triglycerides Hypertriglyceridaemia > 2.3 mmol/L (fasting)
HDL-cholesterol Low HDL-cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/L
Assay evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of
Prothrombin time 12 – 15 seconds Prolonged in liver cirrhosis
coagulation
Bradycardia < 60 bpm
Pulse/heart rate 60 – 80 bpm Heart rate: number of heart contractions per minute
Tachycardia > 100 bpm
stroke volume
Ejection fraction EF ≥ 60% Heart failure EF ≤ 40% ∗100 %
end diastolic volume
proBNP, BNP Elevation indicates heart failure B natriuretic peptide
Intermittent claudication (cardiovascular)
Ankle-branchial index 0.9 – 1.3 Comparison of blood pressure in ankles with blood pressure in arms
0.4 – 0.9
Fasted state full blood
3.5 - 5.6 mmol/L
Hypoglycaemia
Glucose
Hyperglycaemia
Fasted state venous plasma
4.0 - 6.4 mmol/L
< 42 mmol/mol Prediabetes 42 – 47 mmol/mol (6.0 – 6.4%)
HbA1c Glycolyted haemoglobin fraction
< 6% Diabetes > 48 mmol/mol (> 6.5%)
Men
8.5 – 11 mmol/L
Haemoglobin (Hb) Anaemia: too low Hb Iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in erythrocytes
Women
7.5 – 10 mmol/L
T3 1.1 – 3.0 nmol/L Triiodothyronine
Hypothyroidism: low
T4, total 64 – 154 nmol/L
Hyperthyroidism: high Thyroxine
fT4 9 – 24 nmol/L
Hypothyroidism: high
TSH 0.45 – 4.5 mU/L Thyroid stimulating hormone
Hyperthyroidism: low
TPO and thyroglobulin
Hashimoto’s disease
(Tg) antibodies
TSH-R antibodies Grave’s disease
135 – 145 mmol/L blood
Sodium (Na+) Low in liver cirrhosis
130 – 200 mmol/24 hr urine
Potassium (K+) 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/L blood
8-3-2020 14:44 2-6
HNH-27806
Acanthosis nicrigans (severe insulin resistance): blackish pigmentation at the nape of the neck and in the armpits
Agnosia: failure to recognize objects
Akinesia: slowing of movement, difficulty initiating movement
Apraxia: impaired ability to carry out skilled motor activities
Axillae: armpits
Bradykinesia: slowness
Diaphoresis: excessive sweating
Dysarthria: motor speech disorder; difficulty pronouncing words
Empyema: pus in pleural space of the lungs
Hemiparesis: weakness on one entire side of the body
Hemiplegia: weakness on one entire side of the body
Laseque’s sign: in lying position raising the fully stretched left leg is painfull and possible only to a limited extent
Palpitations: hartkloppingen
Vertigo: draaiduizeligheid
Stupor: unconsciousness
Paraparesis: partial paralysis of both legs
Tetraparesis: all four limbs are weak
Endarterectomy: preventive surgery to clear carotid arteries of atherosclerotic plaques
Haemoptysis: giving up bloody sputum
Aphasia: inability to comprehend or formulate language
Melaena: black, tarry stools indicating upper gastro-intestinal bleeding
8-3-2020 14:44 1-6
, Diagnostic tool Reference values Abnormalities Meaning
Body temperature 36.5 - 37.5 °C Fever > 38 °C
BP
Blood pressure 120/80 mmHg Hypertension > 140/90 mmHg
Systolic/diastolic
Blood volume 4.5 – 5 L
Cholesterol Hypercholesterolaemia > 5 mmol/L
LDL-cholesterol High LDL-cholesterol > 3.5 mmol/L
Triglycerides Hypertriglyceridaemia > 2.3 mmol/L (fasting)
HDL-cholesterol Low HDL-cholesterol < 1.0 mmol/L
Assay evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of
Prothrombin time 12 – 15 seconds Prolonged in liver cirrhosis
coagulation
Bradycardia < 60 bpm
Pulse/heart rate 60 – 80 bpm Heart rate: number of heart contractions per minute
Tachycardia > 100 bpm
stroke volume
Ejection fraction EF ≥ 60% Heart failure EF ≤ 40% ∗100 %
end diastolic volume
proBNP, BNP Elevation indicates heart failure B natriuretic peptide
Intermittent claudication (cardiovascular)
Ankle-branchial index 0.9 – 1.3 Comparison of blood pressure in ankles with blood pressure in arms
0.4 – 0.9
Fasted state full blood
3.5 - 5.6 mmol/L
Hypoglycaemia
Glucose
Hyperglycaemia
Fasted state venous plasma
4.0 - 6.4 mmol/L
< 42 mmol/mol Prediabetes 42 – 47 mmol/mol (6.0 – 6.4%)
HbA1c Glycolyted haemoglobin fraction
< 6% Diabetes > 48 mmol/mol (> 6.5%)
Men
8.5 – 11 mmol/L
Haemoglobin (Hb) Anaemia: too low Hb Iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in erythrocytes
Women
7.5 – 10 mmol/L
T3 1.1 – 3.0 nmol/L Triiodothyronine
Hypothyroidism: low
T4, total 64 – 154 nmol/L
Hyperthyroidism: high Thyroxine
fT4 9 – 24 nmol/L
Hypothyroidism: high
TSH 0.45 – 4.5 mU/L Thyroid stimulating hormone
Hyperthyroidism: low
TPO and thyroglobulin
Hashimoto’s disease
(Tg) antibodies
TSH-R antibodies Grave’s disease
135 – 145 mmol/L blood
Sodium (Na+) Low in liver cirrhosis
130 – 200 mmol/24 hr urine
Potassium (K+) 3.5 – 5.0 mmol/L blood
8-3-2020 14:44 2-6
