MSN 610 PRACTICE TIPS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RATED A+
✔✔intellectual disability subjective data - ✔✔Delayed motor development •Delayed
speech and language skills
✔✔intellectual disability objectice data - ✔✔Delayed developmental milestones •
Impaired cognitive function and short-term memory • Poor academic performance •
Lack of motivation
✔✔ADHD - ✔✔A neurobehavioral problem of impaired attention and hyperactive
behavior affecting 5% to 10% of school-age children
✔✔ADHD pathophysiology - ✔✔Disorder with genetic component potentially affecting
dopamine transport and reception; may have impaired function of the neural network in
the brain cortex as the child transitions from resting state (e.g., daydreaming) to engage
the cognitive control neural network with attention-demanding activity. It may be
associated with birth injuries, severe traumatic brain injury or abnormal brain structures.
✔✔ADHD Subjective data - ✔✔Short attention span, easily distracted, fails to complete
school assignments or follow instructions
•Fidgets and squirms, often moving, running, climbing •Disruptive behavior, talks
excessively, temper outbursts, labile moods,
poor impulse control
✔✔ADHD Objective data - ✔✔Onset before 7 years of age Increased motor activity
Difficulty organizing tasks Difficulty sustaining attention Poor school performance Low
self-esteem
Has problems in more than one setting
✔✔Autisim - ✔✔A pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology; refers
to a wide spectrum of disorders (including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome,
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS]), typically
identified before 3 years of age and in more boys that girls.
✔✔Autisim patho - ✔✔A strong genetic influence that inactivates areas of the genome
that affect early brain development; potential intrauterine toxic insults leading to
abnormal brain growth in the frontal, temporal, cerebellar, and limbic areas.
The brain grows rapidly during the first 2-4 years, followed by slow or arrested growth,
particularly in areas associated with higher cognition, language, emotional, and social
functions
✔✔Autisim subjective data - ✔✔•Does not make eye contact or point to objects for the
purpose of sharing experiences with others
, •Resists being held or touched •Odd and repetitive behaviors •Ritualized play,
preoccupation with parts of objects • Motor development appropriate for age
✔✔Autism objective data - ✔✔Impaired social interactions • Impaired language, either
delayed or undeveloped • Odd intonation to speech, pronoun reversal, nonsensical
rhyming •Impaired symbolic and imaginative play •Lacks awareness of others •
Cognitive impairment in many cases
✔✔Delirium - ✔✔Impaired cognition, arousal, consciousness, mood and behavioral
dysfunction of acute onset
✔✔Delirium patho - ✔✔Risk factors in older adults include serious illness or injury,
impaired vision or hearing, impaired cognitive function, poor pain management,
anticholinergic medications, history of depression or alcohol abuse, and restraint use
✔✔Delirium subjective data - ✔✔• Suspicious, fearful •Mood swings
✔✔Delirium objective data - ✔✔Altered consciousness, staring, unawareness, apathy or
combative •Incoherence, illogical flow of ideas • Illusions, hallucinations, delusions
•Poor memory
✔✔Dementia - ✔✔A chronic, slowly progressive disorder of failing memory, cognitive
impairment, behavioral abnormalities, and personality changes that often begins after
age 60 years.
✔✔Dementia Pathophysiology - ✔✔Usually related to structural diseases of the brain.
Incidence increases with advancing age.
Dementia of Alzheimer Type
Most common; accumulation of plaques containing amyloid beta protein and
neurofibrillary tangles to a toxic level leads to disruption of nerve impulse transmission
and neuron death.
Vascular Dementia
About 15% of cases; acute or recurrent embolic strokes, cerebral hemor- rhage due to
hypertension, and other forms of cerebrovascular disease.
Other Dementias
Associated with diffuse Lewy bodies in the brain, Parkinson disease, and frontal lobe
degeneration.
✔✔Dementia subjective data - ✔✔•Impaired memory, forgets appointments • Gets lost
in familiar areas, wanders • Unable to manage shopping, food preparation, medication,
finances,
and driving •Behavioral changes, such as socially inappropriate dress or conduct,
impaired grooming, impulsiveness, disinhibition •Aphasia, agnosia, apraxia • Apathy,
withdrawal •Anxiety, irritability • Changes in mood (depression, uncharacteristic anger,
anxiety,
RATED A+
✔✔intellectual disability subjective data - ✔✔Delayed motor development •Delayed
speech and language skills
✔✔intellectual disability objectice data - ✔✔Delayed developmental milestones •
Impaired cognitive function and short-term memory • Poor academic performance •
Lack of motivation
✔✔ADHD - ✔✔A neurobehavioral problem of impaired attention and hyperactive
behavior affecting 5% to 10% of school-age children
✔✔ADHD pathophysiology - ✔✔Disorder with genetic component potentially affecting
dopamine transport and reception; may have impaired function of the neural network in
the brain cortex as the child transitions from resting state (e.g., daydreaming) to engage
the cognitive control neural network with attention-demanding activity. It may be
associated with birth injuries, severe traumatic brain injury or abnormal brain structures.
✔✔ADHD Subjective data - ✔✔Short attention span, easily distracted, fails to complete
school assignments or follow instructions
•Fidgets and squirms, often moving, running, climbing •Disruptive behavior, talks
excessively, temper outbursts, labile moods,
poor impulse control
✔✔ADHD Objective data - ✔✔Onset before 7 years of age Increased motor activity
Difficulty organizing tasks Difficulty sustaining attention Poor school performance Low
self-esteem
Has problems in more than one setting
✔✔Autisim - ✔✔A pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology; refers
to a wide spectrum of disorders (including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome,
pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS]), typically
identified before 3 years of age and in more boys that girls.
✔✔Autisim patho - ✔✔A strong genetic influence that inactivates areas of the genome
that affect early brain development; potential intrauterine toxic insults leading to
abnormal brain growth in the frontal, temporal, cerebellar, and limbic areas.
The brain grows rapidly during the first 2-4 years, followed by slow or arrested growth,
particularly in areas associated with higher cognition, language, emotional, and social
functions
✔✔Autisim subjective data - ✔✔•Does not make eye contact or point to objects for the
purpose of sharing experiences with others
, •Resists being held or touched •Odd and repetitive behaviors •Ritualized play,
preoccupation with parts of objects • Motor development appropriate for age
✔✔Autism objective data - ✔✔Impaired social interactions • Impaired language, either
delayed or undeveloped • Odd intonation to speech, pronoun reversal, nonsensical
rhyming •Impaired symbolic and imaginative play •Lacks awareness of others •
Cognitive impairment in many cases
✔✔Delirium - ✔✔Impaired cognition, arousal, consciousness, mood and behavioral
dysfunction of acute onset
✔✔Delirium patho - ✔✔Risk factors in older adults include serious illness or injury,
impaired vision or hearing, impaired cognitive function, poor pain management,
anticholinergic medications, history of depression or alcohol abuse, and restraint use
✔✔Delirium subjective data - ✔✔• Suspicious, fearful •Mood swings
✔✔Delirium objective data - ✔✔Altered consciousness, staring, unawareness, apathy or
combative •Incoherence, illogical flow of ideas • Illusions, hallucinations, delusions
•Poor memory
✔✔Dementia - ✔✔A chronic, slowly progressive disorder of failing memory, cognitive
impairment, behavioral abnormalities, and personality changes that often begins after
age 60 years.
✔✔Dementia Pathophysiology - ✔✔Usually related to structural diseases of the brain.
Incidence increases with advancing age.
Dementia of Alzheimer Type
Most common; accumulation of plaques containing amyloid beta protein and
neurofibrillary tangles to a toxic level leads to disruption of nerve impulse transmission
and neuron death.
Vascular Dementia
About 15% of cases; acute or recurrent embolic strokes, cerebral hemor- rhage due to
hypertension, and other forms of cerebrovascular disease.
Other Dementias
Associated with diffuse Lewy bodies in the brain, Parkinson disease, and frontal lobe
degeneration.
✔✔Dementia subjective data - ✔✔•Impaired memory, forgets appointments • Gets lost
in familiar areas, wanders • Unable to manage shopping, food preparation, medication,
finances,
and driving •Behavioral changes, such as socially inappropriate dress or conduct,
impaired grooming, impulsiveness, disinhibition •Aphasia, agnosia, apraxia • Apathy,
withdrawal •Anxiety, irritability • Changes in mood (depression, uncharacteristic anger,
anxiety,
