MSN 610 LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔axillae lymph nodes - ✔✔Lateral axillary (brachial) nodes
Central axillary (midaxillary) nodes
Posterior axillary (subscapular) nodes
Anterior axillary (pectoral) nodes
✔✔Epitrochlear lymph nodes - ✔✔Epitrochlear lymph nodes- drains from the hand and
forearm proximally via epitrochlear lymph node
✔✔Inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes - ✔✔the lymphatic drainage of the testes is into
the abdomen. female genitalia drain into the pelvic and para aortic nodes.
✔✔Spleen - ✔✔An organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces lymphocytes,
filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells.
✔✔Limb measurement - ✔✔- performed when difference is suspected
- measure bilateral circumference + length
- should be no more than *1-cm* difference in length and circumference between
matching extremities
✔✔Neer Test (shoulder) - ✔✔Shoulder rotator cuff impingement or tear.
✔✔Hawkins test - ✔✔impingement test of subscalpular n/supraspinatus
✔✔Katz hand diagram - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Thumb abduction test - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Tinel Sign - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Phalen test - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Straight leg raising - ✔✔L4, L5, S1 nerve root irritation
✔✔Femoral stretch test - ✔✔L1, L2, L3, L4 nerve root irritation
✔✔Ballottement (knee) - ✔✔Have patient sitting. testing for excessive fluid in the knee.
if present it will bob like a bobber in water.
When knee is extended apply downward pressure on the suprapatellar pouch with the
web or the thumb and forefinger of one hand then push the patella quickly downward
against the femur with a finger of your other hand. If effusion is present a tapping or
clicking will be sensed when the patella is pushed against the femur. Release the
, pressure against the patella and keep your finger lightly touching it. If effusion is present
the patella will float out as if a fluid wave were pushing it.
✔✔Bulge sign - ✔✔Effusion of fluid in the knee. With patients knee extended milk the
medial aspect of the knee upward two or three times and then milk the lateral side of the
patella. Observe for a bulge of returning fluid to the hollow area medial to the patella.
✔✔McMurray Test - ✔✔Torn meniscus in knee. Have the patient lie supine and flex one
knee. Position your thumb and fingers on either side of the joint space. Hold the heel
with your other hand, fully flexing the knee and rotate the foot and knee outward flexing
the knee and rotate the foot and knee outward to a lateral position. Extend and then flex
the patients knee. any palpable or audible click pain or limited extension of the knee is a
positive sign of a torn medial meniscus. Repeat the procedure rotating the foot and
knee inward.
✔✔Anterior and posterior drawer test - ✔✔Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
integrity. Have the patient lie supine and flex the knee 45 to 90 degrees placing the foot
flat on the table. Place both hands on the lower leg with the thumbs on the ridge of the
anterior tibia just distal to the tibial tuberosity. Draw the tibia forward forcing the tibia to
slide forward of the femur. Then push the tibia backward. Anterior or posterior
movement of the knee greater than 5 mm in either direction is an unexpected finding.
✔✔Varus/Valgus Stress Test - ✔✔medial or lateral collateral ligament instability in knee.
Have the patient lie supine and extend the knee.
Stabilize the femur with one hand and hold the ankle with your other hand. Apply varus
force against the ankle (toward the midline) and internal rotation. Excessive laxity is felt
as joint opening. Laxity in this position indicates injury to the lateral collateral ligament.
Then apply valgus force against the ankle. ( away from the midline) and external
rotation. Laxity in this position indicates injury to the medical collateral ligament. Repeat
the movement with the patients knee flexed to 30 degrees.
✔✔Lachman test - ✔✔Anterior cruciate ligament integrity. With the patient supine flex
the knee 10 to 15 degrees with the heel on the table place one hand above the knee to
stabilize the femur and place the other hand around the proximal tibia. while stabilizing
the femur pull the tibia anteriorly. attempt to have the patient relax the hamstring
muscles for an optimal test. Increased laxity greater than 5 mm compared with the
uninjured side indicates injury to the ligament.
✔✔Thomas Test - ✔✔Flexion contracture of hip
✔✔Trendelenburg sign - ✔✔weak hip abductor muscles
✔✔ankylosing spondylitis - ✔✔A chronic inflammatory disease of the spine, ankylosing
spondylitis has a genetic predisposition associated with human leukocyte antigen
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔axillae lymph nodes - ✔✔Lateral axillary (brachial) nodes
Central axillary (midaxillary) nodes
Posterior axillary (subscapular) nodes
Anterior axillary (pectoral) nodes
✔✔Epitrochlear lymph nodes - ✔✔Epitrochlear lymph nodes- drains from the hand and
forearm proximally via epitrochlear lymph node
✔✔Inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes - ✔✔the lymphatic drainage of the testes is into
the abdomen. female genitalia drain into the pelvic and para aortic nodes.
✔✔Spleen - ✔✔An organ that is part of the lymphatic system; it produces lymphocytes,
filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells.
✔✔Limb measurement - ✔✔- performed when difference is suspected
- measure bilateral circumference + length
- should be no more than *1-cm* difference in length and circumference between
matching extremities
✔✔Neer Test (shoulder) - ✔✔Shoulder rotator cuff impingement or tear.
✔✔Hawkins test - ✔✔impingement test of subscalpular n/supraspinatus
✔✔Katz hand diagram - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Thumb abduction test - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Tinel Sign - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Phalen test - ✔✔Median nerve integrity
✔✔Straight leg raising - ✔✔L4, L5, S1 nerve root irritation
✔✔Femoral stretch test - ✔✔L1, L2, L3, L4 nerve root irritation
✔✔Ballottement (knee) - ✔✔Have patient sitting. testing for excessive fluid in the knee.
if present it will bob like a bobber in water.
When knee is extended apply downward pressure on the suprapatellar pouch with the
web or the thumb and forefinger of one hand then push the patella quickly downward
against the femur with a finger of your other hand. If effusion is present a tapping or
clicking will be sensed when the patella is pushed against the femur. Release the
, pressure against the patella and keep your finger lightly touching it. If effusion is present
the patella will float out as if a fluid wave were pushing it.
✔✔Bulge sign - ✔✔Effusion of fluid in the knee. With patients knee extended milk the
medial aspect of the knee upward two or three times and then milk the lateral side of the
patella. Observe for a bulge of returning fluid to the hollow area medial to the patella.
✔✔McMurray Test - ✔✔Torn meniscus in knee. Have the patient lie supine and flex one
knee. Position your thumb and fingers on either side of the joint space. Hold the heel
with your other hand, fully flexing the knee and rotate the foot and knee outward flexing
the knee and rotate the foot and knee outward to a lateral position. Extend and then flex
the patients knee. any palpable or audible click pain or limited extension of the knee is a
positive sign of a torn medial meniscus. Repeat the procedure rotating the foot and
knee inward.
✔✔Anterior and posterior drawer test - ✔✔Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
integrity. Have the patient lie supine and flex the knee 45 to 90 degrees placing the foot
flat on the table. Place both hands on the lower leg with the thumbs on the ridge of the
anterior tibia just distal to the tibial tuberosity. Draw the tibia forward forcing the tibia to
slide forward of the femur. Then push the tibia backward. Anterior or posterior
movement of the knee greater than 5 mm in either direction is an unexpected finding.
✔✔Varus/Valgus Stress Test - ✔✔medial or lateral collateral ligament instability in knee.
Have the patient lie supine and extend the knee.
Stabilize the femur with one hand and hold the ankle with your other hand. Apply varus
force against the ankle (toward the midline) and internal rotation. Excessive laxity is felt
as joint opening. Laxity in this position indicates injury to the lateral collateral ligament.
Then apply valgus force against the ankle. ( away from the midline) and external
rotation. Laxity in this position indicates injury to the medical collateral ligament. Repeat
the movement with the patients knee flexed to 30 degrees.
✔✔Lachman test - ✔✔Anterior cruciate ligament integrity. With the patient supine flex
the knee 10 to 15 degrees with the heel on the table place one hand above the knee to
stabilize the femur and place the other hand around the proximal tibia. while stabilizing
the femur pull the tibia anteriorly. attempt to have the patient relax the hamstring
muscles for an optimal test. Increased laxity greater than 5 mm compared with the
uninjured side indicates injury to the ligament.
✔✔Thomas Test - ✔✔Flexion contracture of hip
✔✔Trendelenburg sign - ✔✔weak hip abductor muscles
✔✔ankylosing spondylitis - ✔✔A chronic inflammatory disease of the spine, ankylosing
spondylitis has a genetic predisposition associated with human leukocyte antigen
