NUR 3125 FINAL EXAM QUIZESS AND
ALL CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
EDITION.
The __________________________________________ is Non specific, rapidly initiated, and
has no memory cells, and is made up of both cellular and chemical components. - Answer
inflammatory response
the inflammatory response is initiated by : - Answer infection, mechanical damage, ischemia,
nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, radiation, etc
What are the goals of inflammation? - Answer -Limit and control the inflammatory process
-Prevent and limit infection and further damage
-Initiate adaptive immune response
-Initiate healing- prepare the area of injury for healing
What occurs on cellular level right after tissue injury? - Answer Production and release of
inflammatory mediators (cytokines and mast cells)
_____________________________ Regulate innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. - Answer Chemokines or cytokines
*cellular mediators of inflammation
-Are either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
-Are either synergistic or antagonistic.
**Include interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)**
Actions of chemokines/cytokines are pleiotropic, which means: - Answer The same molecule
may have a large variety of different biologic activities, depending on the particular target cell to
which it binds.
Produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to a pathogen or stimulation
,interleukin 1
______________ is a proinflammatory cytokine: Helps with healing. - Answer IL-6
interleukin 6
______________ and _____________________________ are antiinflammatory cytokine. -
Answer IL-10 (interleukin 10) and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)
What is the purpose of interferons? - Answer -Protect against viral infections.
-Are produced and released by virally infected host cells in response to viral double-stranded
ribonucleic acid (RNA).
-Do not directly kill viruses but prevent them from infecting additional healthy cells.
__________ and _____________ Induce the production of antiviral proteins. - Answer IFN-α
and IFN-β
_______________ Increases microbiocidal activity of macrophages. - Answer IFN-γ
___________________________ Predominate in early inflammatory responses - Answer
Neutrophils
*Also referred to as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)
Neutrophils account for _____________________ of Phagocytes. - Answer 60-76%
Neutrophils: - Answer Ingest bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris
What kind of Cells are **short lived and **become a component of the purulent exudate? -
Answer Neutrophils
, -Abnormal (pathologic) in bacterial infections, non-infective tissue damage (MI, crush injury,
burn injury, pulmonary infarct)
Neutrophils are decreased in: - Answer marrow damage, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia,
septicemia, B12 deficiency, drugs (more than 70 different types can cause decrease!)
Local manifestations of inflammation result from: - Answer vascular changes and
corresponding leakage of circulating components into the tissue.
(heat, redness, etc)
Heat and Redness result From: - Answer vasodilation and increased blood flow
_________________________________ results from exudate accumulations and fluid from
capillary permeability - Answer swelling
__________________ results From pressure exerted by exudate accumulations, prostaglandins,
and bradykinins - Answer pain
What kind of phagocyte is increased in allergy, parasites, skin diseases, malignancy, drugs,
asthma, Addison's disease, and collagen-vascular dz. - Answer Eosinophils (2-4% of
phagocytes)
Eosinophils are decreased in - Answer in steroid use, Cushing's dx, and stress (infection,
trauma, burns)
Eosinophils are mildly phagocytic and function in: - Answer Defense against parasites and
regulation of vascular mediators
**Function is to recognize and eliminate cells infected with viruses
**Some function in eliminating cancer cells - Answer Natural killer cells (NK)
Activation of ____________________ results in degranulation and interaction with components
of the coagulation system - Answer platelets
ALL CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
EDITION.
The __________________________________________ is Non specific, rapidly initiated, and
has no memory cells, and is made up of both cellular and chemical components. - Answer
inflammatory response
the inflammatory response is initiated by : - Answer infection, mechanical damage, ischemia,
nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, radiation, etc
What are the goals of inflammation? - Answer -Limit and control the inflammatory process
-Prevent and limit infection and further damage
-Initiate adaptive immune response
-Initiate healing- prepare the area of injury for healing
What occurs on cellular level right after tissue injury? - Answer Production and release of
inflammatory mediators (cytokines and mast cells)
_____________________________ Regulate innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. - Answer Chemokines or cytokines
*cellular mediators of inflammation
-Are either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
-Are either synergistic or antagonistic.
**Include interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)**
Actions of chemokines/cytokines are pleiotropic, which means: - Answer The same molecule
may have a large variety of different biologic activities, depending on the particular target cell to
which it binds.
Produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to a pathogen or stimulation
,interleukin 1
______________ is a proinflammatory cytokine: Helps with healing. - Answer IL-6
interleukin 6
______________ and _____________________________ are antiinflammatory cytokine. -
Answer IL-10 (interleukin 10) and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)
What is the purpose of interferons? - Answer -Protect against viral infections.
-Are produced and released by virally infected host cells in response to viral double-stranded
ribonucleic acid (RNA).
-Do not directly kill viruses but prevent them from infecting additional healthy cells.
__________ and _____________ Induce the production of antiviral proteins. - Answer IFN-α
and IFN-β
_______________ Increases microbiocidal activity of macrophages. - Answer IFN-γ
___________________________ Predominate in early inflammatory responses - Answer
Neutrophils
*Also referred to as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)
Neutrophils account for _____________________ of Phagocytes. - Answer 60-76%
Neutrophils: - Answer Ingest bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris
What kind of Cells are **short lived and **become a component of the purulent exudate? -
Answer Neutrophils
, -Abnormal (pathologic) in bacterial infections, non-infective tissue damage (MI, crush injury,
burn injury, pulmonary infarct)
Neutrophils are decreased in: - Answer marrow damage, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia,
septicemia, B12 deficiency, drugs (more than 70 different types can cause decrease!)
Local manifestations of inflammation result from: - Answer vascular changes and
corresponding leakage of circulating components into the tissue.
(heat, redness, etc)
Heat and Redness result From: - Answer vasodilation and increased blood flow
_________________________________ results from exudate accumulations and fluid from
capillary permeability - Answer swelling
__________________ results From pressure exerted by exudate accumulations, prostaglandins,
and bradykinins - Answer pain
What kind of phagocyte is increased in allergy, parasites, skin diseases, malignancy, drugs,
asthma, Addison's disease, and collagen-vascular dz. - Answer Eosinophils (2-4% of
phagocytes)
Eosinophils are decreased in - Answer in steroid use, Cushing's dx, and stress (infection,
trauma, burns)
Eosinophils are mildly phagocytic and function in: - Answer Defense against parasites and
regulation of vascular mediators
**Function is to recognize and eliminate cells infected with viruses
**Some function in eliminating cancer cells - Answer Natural killer cells (NK)
Activation of ____________________ results in degranulation and interaction with components
of the coagulation system - Answer platelets
