1 | © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only
dt dt dt
,SOLUTION MANUAL FOR dt dt
Auditing A Practical Approach with Data Analytics, 2nd Edition Raymond N. Johnson, Lau
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ra Davis Wiley, Robyn Moroney, Fiona Campbell, Jane Hamilton
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 1-16 dt
CHAPTER 1 dt
Introduction and Overview of Audit and Assurance dt dt dt dt dt dt
Learning Objectives dt
1. Differentiate among assurance, attestation, and auditing services. dt dt dt dt dt dt
2. Describe the different types of assurance services.dt dt dt dt dt dt
3. Explain the demand for audit and assurance services.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
4. Discuss the different roles of the financial statement preparer and the auditor.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
5. Identify the roles of different regulators and organizations that affect the audit profession.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
6. Explain the concepts of reasonable assurance, materiality, and the nature of an unquali-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
fied/unmodified report on the audit of financial statements.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
7. Explain the concept of reasonable assurance and the nature of an unqualified report on i
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
nternal controls over financial reporting.
dt dt dt dt
8. Discuss the audit expectation gap. dt dt dt dt
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS dt dt dt
1. C
LO 1, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Assurance, Attestation, and Audit Services
dt dt dt dt dt
2. A
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Different Assurance Services
dt dt dt
3. B
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Different Assurance Services
dt dt dt
4. C
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Se
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ction: Different Assurance Services
dt dt dt
5. C
LO 3, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Se
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ction: Demand for Audit and Assurance Services
dt dt dt dt dt dt
2 | © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only
dt dt dt
,6. B
LO 4, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Preparers and Auditors
dt dt dt
7. A
LO 5, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: The Role of Regulators and Re
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
gulations
8. D
LO 5, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA BC: Governance Perspective, Section: The Role of Reg
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ulators and Regulations dt dt
9. D
LO 6, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Audit Report on Financial Statements
dt dt dt dt dt
10. C
LO 6, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: Audit Report on the Financial S
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
tatements
11. B
LO 7, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: Audit Report on Internal Contr
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ols over Financial Reporting
dt dt dt
12. B
LO 8, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA PC: Professional Behavior, Section: The Audit Expec
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
tation Gap dt
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS dt dt dt
R1.1 An assurance service is any service provided by an independent practitioner that im-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
proves the quality of information, or its context, for decision makers. An independent practitioner
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
can verify that the information meets relevant criteria, which provides assurance to users who inte
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
nd to use the information for decision making. An assurance engagement has three parties: the a
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ssurance provider (auditor/practitioner), the party responsible for providing the information (client)
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
, and the intended users of the information (investors/lenders/others who rely on the in-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
formation).
dt
LO 1, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 5 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Assurance, Attestation, and Audit Services
dt dt dt dt dt
R1.2 The criterion used in a financial statement audit to measure and evaluate subject matter is t
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
he applicable financial reporting framework used by the client. The most common framework
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
3 | © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only
dt dt dt
, used in the U.S. is Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
LO 1, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 5 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Measurement Analysis and Interpretation, Sec-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dt tion: Assurance, Attestation, and Audit Services
dt dt dt dt dt
R1.3 Financial statements are not guaranteed to be free from error or fraud due to several limi-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
tations. These limitations include the nature of financial reporting, the nature of audit procedures
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
and the need for the audit to be conducted within a reasonable period of time and within a rea-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
sonable budget. The nature of financial reporting causes limitations because it includes man-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
agement‘s judgment when applying accounting standards and estimates. The nature of the au-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dit procedures is a limitation because the auditors have to rely on management to provide all the
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
necessary documentation needed for the audit. The auditor may arrive at an inappropriate con-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
clusion if information is tampered with or excluded. The last limitation refers to the limited re-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
sources of time and money for an audit engagement. It would be impractical for auditors to ex-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
amine every transaction. Therefore, auditors rely on sampling measures to provide an accurate r
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
epresentation of the population, and sampling cannot provide absolute assurance. dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 15 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Section: Different Assurance Services dt dt dt
R1.4 Management and those charged with governance can request an operational audit to help i
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
mprove the efficiency and effectiveness of a company‘s operations. An organization‘s internal au
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dit department typically conducts operational audits.
dt dt dt dt dt
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 5 min., AACSB: None, AICPA BC: Governance Perspective, Section: Different As-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dt surance Services dt
R1.5 Investors are interested in the information that financial statements can provide about their
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
investment. This includes, but is not limited to, information regarding the profitability of the com-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
pany, return on investment, going concern/continuity of operations, and dividend distributions. A
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
n independent audit helps to ensure that the information in the financial statements is credible an
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
d of high quality.
dt dt dt
LO 3, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 10 min., AACSB: None, AICPA BC: Governance Perspective, Section: Demand for Au
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dit and Assurance Services
dt dt dt
R1.6 Both the preparer and the auditor have responsibilities regarding the company‘s financial st
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
atements. Management (the preparer) is in charge of preparing the financial statements. This incl
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
udes ensuring the information is presented fairly and in compliance with GAAP, or other ap-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
plicable financial reporting framework. Management is responsible for designing, implementing,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
and maintaining internal control over financial reporting, as well as providing auditors with all the n
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ecessary documentation and personnel needed to complete the audit. Auditors are responsible fo
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
r providing an opinion on whether the financial statements are presented fairly and in accord-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ance with the applicable financial reporting framework. The three responsibilities of auditors are t
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
o conduct the audit in accordance with the appropriate audit standards, plan and perform the audi
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
t with professional skepticism, and exercise professional judgment.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
LO 4, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 15 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: Preparers and Auditors
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
4 | © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only dt dt dt
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only
dt dt dt
,SOLUTION MANUAL FOR dt dt
Auditing A Practical Approach with Data Analytics, 2nd Edition Raymond N. Johnson, Lau
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ra Davis Wiley, Robyn Moroney, Fiona Campbell, Jane Hamilton
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 1-16 dt
CHAPTER 1 dt
Introduction and Overview of Audit and Assurance dt dt dt dt dt dt
Learning Objectives dt
1. Differentiate among assurance, attestation, and auditing services. dt dt dt dt dt dt
2. Describe the different types of assurance services.dt dt dt dt dt dt
3. Explain the demand for audit and assurance services.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
4. Discuss the different roles of the financial statement preparer and the auditor.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
5. Identify the roles of different regulators and organizations that affect the audit profession.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
6. Explain the concepts of reasonable assurance, materiality, and the nature of an unquali-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
fied/unmodified report on the audit of financial statements.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
7. Explain the concept of reasonable assurance and the nature of an unqualified report on i
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
nternal controls over financial reporting.
dt dt dt dt
8. Discuss the audit expectation gap. dt dt dt dt
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS dt dt dt
1. C
LO 1, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Assurance, Attestation, and Audit Services
dt dt dt dt dt
2. A
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Different Assurance Services
dt dt dt
3. B
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Different Assurance Services
dt dt dt
4. C
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Se
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ction: Different Assurance Services
dt dt dt
5. C
LO 3, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Se
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ction: Demand for Audit and Assurance Services
dt dt dt dt dt dt
2 | © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only
dt dt dt
,6. B
LO 4, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Preparers and Auditors
dt dt dt
7. A
LO 5, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: The Role of Regulators and Re
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
gulations
8. D
LO 5, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA BC: Governance Perspective, Section: The Role of Reg
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ulators and Regulations dt dt
9. D
LO 6, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Audit Report on Financial Statements
dt dt dt dt dt
10. C
LO 6, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: Audit Report on the Financial S
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
tatements
11. B
LO 7, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: Audit Report on Internal Contr
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ols over Financial Reporting
dt dt dt
12. B
LO 8, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 2 min., AACSB: None, AICPA PC: Professional Behavior, Section: The Audit Expec
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
tation Gap dt
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS dt dt dt
R1.1 An assurance service is any service provided by an independent practitioner that im-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
proves the quality of information, or its context, for decision makers. An independent practitioner
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
can verify that the information meets relevant criteria, which provides assurance to users who inte
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
nd to use the information for decision making. An assurance engagement has three parties: the a
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ssurance provider (auditor/practitioner), the party responsible for providing the information (client)
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
, and the intended users of the information (investors/lenders/others who rely on the in-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
formation).
dt
LO 1, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 5 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management, Secti
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
on: Assurance, Attestation, and Audit Services
dt dt dt dt dt
R1.2 The criterion used in a financial statement audit to measure and evaluate subject matter is t
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
he applicable financial reporting framework used by the client. The most common framework
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
3 | © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only
dt dt dt
, used in the U.S. is Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
LO 1, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 5 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Measurement Analysis and Interpretation, Sec-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dt tion: Assurance, Attestation, and Audit Services
dt dt dt dt dt
R1.3 Financial statements are not guaranteed to be free from error or fraud due to several limi-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
tations. These limitations include the nature of financial reporting, the nature of audit procedures
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
and the need for the audit to be conducted within a reasonable period of time and within a rea-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
sonable budget. The nature of financial reporting causes limitations because it includes man-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
agement‘s judgment when applying accounting standards and estimates. The nature of the au-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dit procedures is a limitation because the auditors have to rely on management to provide all the
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
necessary documentation needed for the audit. The auditor may arrive at an inappropriate con-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
clusion if information is tampered with or excluded. The last limitation refers to the limited re-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
sources of time and money for an audit engagement. It would be impractical for auditors to ex-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
amine every transaction. Therefore, auditors rely on sampling measures to provide an accurate r
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
epresentation of the population, and sampling cannot provide absolute assurance. dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 15 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Risk Assessment, Analysis and Management,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Section: Different Assurance Services dt dt dt
R1.4 Management and those charged with governance can request an operational audit to help i
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
mprove the efficiency and effectiveness of a company‘s operations. An organization‘s internal au
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dit department typically conducts operational audits.
dt dt dt dt dt
LO 2, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 5 min., AACSB: None, AICPA BC: Governance Perspective, Section: Different As-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dt surance Services dt
R1.5 Investors are interested in the information that financial statements can provide about their
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
investment. This includes, but is not limited to, information regarding the profitability of the com-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
pany, return on investment, going concern/continuity of operations, and dividend distributions. A
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
n independent audit helps to ensure that the information in the financial statements is credible an
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
d of high quality.
dt dt dt
LO 3, BT: C, Difficulty: Easy, TOT: 10 min., AACSB: None, AICPA BC: Governance Perspective, Section: Demand for Au
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
dit and Assurance Services
dt dt dt
R1.6 Both the preparer and the auditor have responsibilities regarding the company‘s financial st
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
atements. Management (the preparer) is in charge of preparing the financial statements. This incl
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
udes ensuring the information is presented fairly and in compliance with GAAP, or other ap-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
plicable financial reporting framework. Management is responsible for designing, implementing,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
and maintaining internal control over financial reporting, as well as providing auditors with all the n
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ecessary documentation and personnel needed to complete the audit. Auditors are responsible fo
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
r providing an opinion on whether the financial statements are presented fairly and in accord-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ance with the applicable financial reporting framework. The three responsibilities of auditors are t
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
o conduct the audit in accordance with the appropriate audit standards, plan and perform the audi
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
t with professional skepticism, and exercise professional judgment.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
LO 4, BT: C, Difficulty: Medium, TOT: 15 min., AACSB: None, AICPA AC: Reporting, Section: Preparers and Auditors
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
4 | © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt For Instructor Use Only dt dt dt