1 | Page
NURS 328 - Quiz 1 Questions and
Answers Latest 2026
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison,
outcome) framework Ans: a framework for asking well-
worded questions and searching for evidence
deductive reasoning Ans: reasoning involves beginning
with a theory, developing hypotheses from that theory,
and then collecting and analyzing data to test those
hypotheses. This type of reasoning goes from general to
specific
Inductive reasoning Ans: involves beginning with a set of
empirical observations, seeking patterns in those
observations, and then theorizing about those patterns.
This type of reasoning goes from specific to general.
Epistemology Ans: the philosophy of the nature of
knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology Ans: the philosophy of the nature of reality or
being
Paradigm Ans: describes a particular way of looking at
things that encompasses both philosophical assumptions
and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Quantitative research Ans: research conducted to
investigate questions to be answered using a rigorous
design involving measurement and quantification
Qualitative research Ans: the research conducted in a
holistic and in-depth manner to investigate phenomena
using a flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric
data such as interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive terms Ans: objective, variables,
positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms Ans: subjective,
phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism,
multiple truths
Quantitative approach Ans: based on positivism,
experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth, one
reality
Qualitative approach Ans: based on interpretivism and
constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis Ans: A testable prediction, often implied by a
theory
mixed methods research Ans: uses both quantitative and
qualitative techniques, in an effort to build convincing
claims about the relationships between attributes and
outcomes
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
phenomena Ans: observable facts; subjects of scientific
investigation
statistical data Ans: quantitative information obtained
from government agencies, businesses, research studies,
and other entities that collect data for their own or
others' use
Textual data Ans: Documents and/or images which have
become recorded without the intervention of a researcher
(e.g. through an interview).
Themes Ans: Overarching ideas or driving premises of a
work.
Variables Ans: factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable Ans: The outcome factor; the variable
that may change in response to manipulations of the
independent variable.
independent variable Ans: The experimental factor that is
manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
quantitative and qualitative studies Ans: - are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific
research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies Ans: tend to involve exploration of
concepts or phenomena
© 2025 All rights reserved
NURS 328 - Quiz 1 Questions and
Answers Latest 2026
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison,
outcome) framework Ans: a framework for asking well-
worded questions and searching for evidence
deductive reasoning Ans: reasoning involves beginning
with a theory, developing hypotheses from that theory,
and then collecting and analyzing data to test those
hypotheses. This type of reasoning goes from general to
specific
Inductive reasoning Ans: involves beginning with a set of
empirical observations, seeking patterns in those
observations, and then theorizing about those patterns.
This type of reasoning goes from specific to general.
Epistemology Ans: the philosophy of the nature of
knowledge, or how we know what we know.
Ontology Ans: the philosophy of the nature of reality or
being
Paradigm Ans: describes a particular way of looking at
things that encompasses both philosophical assumptions
and the approach taken to guide an inquiry
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Quantitative research Ans: research conducted to
investigate questions to be answered using a rigorous
design involving measurement and quantification
Qualitative research Ans: the research conducted in a
holistic and in-depth manner to investigate phenomena
using a flexible design involving narrative/non-numeric
data such as interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive terms Ans: objective, variables,
positivism, realism, empiricism, one truth
Qualitative descriptive terms Ans: subjective,
phenomena, constructivism, relativism, naturalism,
multiple truths
Quantitative approach Ans: based on positivism,
experimental, statistical, ontologically = one truth, one
reality
Qualitative approach Ans: based on interpretivism and
constructivism, process and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis Ans: A testable prediction, often implied by a
theory
mixed methods research Ans: uses both quantitative and
qualitative techniques, in an effort to build convincing
claims about the relationships between attributes and
outcomes
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
phenomena Ans: observable facts; subjects of scientific
investigation
statistical data Ans: quantitative information obtained
from government agencies, businesses, research studies,
and other entities that collect data for their own or
others' use
Textual data Ans: Documents and/or images which have
become recorded without the intervention of a researcher
(e.g. through an interview).
Themes Ans: Overarching ideas or driving premises of a
work.
Variables Ans: factors that can change in an experiment
dependent variable Ans: The outcome factor; the variable
that may change in response to manipulations of the
independent variable.
independent variable Ans: The experimental factor that is
manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
quantitative and qualitative studies Ans: - are different
- the best method is one suited to answering the specific
research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies Ans: tend to involve exploration of
concepts or phenomena
© 2025 All rights reserved
