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NSG 320 Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers Latest 2026
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? Ans:
Renal failure
What are causes of hyperkalemia? Ans: Movement of ICF
to ECF (burn or crush injury, tumor lysis, massive
infections, intense exercises)
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia Ans: fatigue,
confusion, tetany, muscle cramps, paresthesia, weakness
What IV solution can be given for hyperkalemia? Ans: IV
regular insulin with dextrose, IV calcium chloride or
calcium gluconate (does not lower potassium but
reverses the toxic effects)
What should be given to a patient that is experiencing
dangerous rhythms from hyperkalemia? Ans: IV calcium
immediately (monitor BP bc calcium can cause
hypotension)
What should the IV KCl infusion rate never exceed? Ans:
10 mEq/hr
Importance of digoxin and hypokalemia Ans: digoxin can
increased risk of toxicity if serum potassium is low.
monitor for digitalis toxicity (confusion, N/V, GI
problems, lethargy)
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Discharge teaching should be given... Ans: during
preoperative phase
What is the most common cause of COPD Ans: smoking
Priority nursing intervention for patient with COPD Ans: -
incentive spirometry (raise o2 stats)
-assess triggers that may cause exacerbation
-SMOKING CESSATION
Respiratory Acidosis Ans: pH: low
PaCo2: high
HCo3: Normal
Respiratory Alkalosis Ans: pH: high
Paco2: low
Hco3: normal
Metabolic Acidosis Ans: ph: low
Paco2: normal
Hco3: low
Metabolic Alkalosis Ans: pH: high
Paco2: normal
© 2025 All rights reserved
NSG 320 Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers Latest 2026
What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? Ans:
Renal failure
What are causes of hyperkalemia? Ans: Movement of ICF
to ECF (burn or crush injury, tumor lysis, massive
infections, intense exercises)
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia Ans: fatigue,
confusion, tetany, muscle cramps, paresthesia, weakness
What IV solution can be given for hyperkalemia? Ans: IV
regular insulin with dextrose, IV calcium chloride or
calcium gluconate (does not lower potassium but
reverses the toxic effects)
What should be given to a patient that is experiencing
dangerous rhythms from hyperkalemia? Ans: IV calcium
immediately (monitor BP bc calcium can cause
hypotension)
What should the IV KCl infusion rate never exceed? Ans:
10 mEq/hr
Importance of digoxin and hypokalemia Ans: digoxin can
increased risk of toxicity if serum potassium is low.
monitor for digitalis toxicity (confusion, N/V, GI
problems, lethargy)
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Discharge teaching should be given... Ans: during
preoperative phase
What is the most common cause of COPD Ans: smoking
Priority nursing intervention for patient with COPD Ans: -
incentive spirometry (raise o2 stats)
-assess triggers that may cause exacerbation
-SMOKING CESSATION
Respiratory Acidosis Ans: pH: low
PaCo2: high
HCo3: Normal
Respiratory Alkalosis Ans: pH: high
Paco2: low
Hco3: normal
Metabolic Acidosis Ans: ph: low
Paco2: normal
Hco3: low
Metabolic Alkalosis Ans: pH: high
Paco2: normal
© 2025 All rights reserved
