USING R FOR INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS
2ND EDITION VERZANI SOLUTIONS
MANUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A STUDY
GUIDE
⩥ If a set of exam scores forms a negatively skewed distribution, it
suggests that the majority of the students scored well on the exam
(where higher scores indicate better performance). Answer: True
⩥ The tools of descriptive statistics enable one to simplify, summarize,
and organize data. Answer: True
⩥ After measuring a sample of individuals, a researcher finds that one
participant's score is bigger than another participant's score, but the
researcher can't specify how much bigger. The measurements must come
from a(n) ____ scale. Answer: Ordinal
⩥ The class of statistical techniques that summarize, organize, and
simplify data are classified as ____________. Answer: descriptive
statistics
⩥ A researcher is interested in the average of time that 9th grade boys in
the United States spend playing video games. The entire group of 9th
,grade male students in the U.S.A. is an example of a _________.
Answer: population
⩥ The major advantage of constructing a frequency polygon instead of a
histogram is that two or more distributions may be easily depicted on the
same set of axes when you use the polygon rather than bars. Answer:
True
⩥ In the frequency distribution where X refers to quiz scores (the
number correct), how many individuals took the quiz?
XF
15 12
14 11
13 5
12 0
11 2 Answer: 30
⩥ Rating a group of large metropolitan cities in the USA in terms of
"quality of life" using ratings of
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, with "1" reflecting the lowest quality and "5" reflecting
the highest quality, would be an example of measurement on a(n)
____________ scale of measurement. Answer: Ordinal
,⩥ The ____________ is most useful for nominal data, whereas the
median is more useful with ____________ data. Answer: Mode, Skewed
⩥ If the highest score in a distribution is X = 12 and the lowest score is
X = 4, then the range is 9 points. Answer: True
⩥ The mean is considered to be the "midpoint" for a distribution because
exactly half of the scores are located above the mean and exactly half are
below the mean. Answer: False
⩥ Since extreme values in a distribution do not affect the median, the
__________ is preferred with interval/ratio data when the data are
extremely skewed. Answer: median
⩥ The standard deviation is closely related to the variance. In fact, the
standard deviation is the ____________ of the variance. Answer: square
root
⩥ A researcher measures personality for a sample of n = 50 people and
classifies each person as either Type A, Type B, or Type C personality.
Which measure of central tendency would be appropriate to summarize
these measurements? Answer: mode
, ⩥ What value is obtained if you add all the deviations from the mean for
a population, then divide the sum by N? Answer: You will always get
zero
⩥ Which of the following is true for a normal distribution? Answer: The
mean, median and mode are all equal
⩥ In general, what is the relationship between the standard deviation and
variance? Answer: The standard deviation is the square root of the
variance
⩥ A teacher gave a reading test to a class of 5th-grade students and
computed the mean, median, and mode for the test scores. Which of the
following statements is the only accurate description of the scores that
can be made? Answer: Half of the students had scores equal to or above
the median
⩥ The scores below are the heights, in inches, of number of
grandchildren that elderly adults in an assisted living home moved have.
Scores: 66, 68, 65, 67, 69, 66, 68, 68, 70, 65, 65
For these data, calculate the population variance, . Round to the nearest
tenths place if a fraction. The variance is: Answer: 2.7
2ND EDITION VERZANI SOLUTIONS
MANUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A STUDY
GUIDE
⩥ If a set of exam scores forms a negatively skewed distribution, it
suggests that the majority of the students scored well on the exam
(where higher scores indicate better performance). Answer: True
⩥ The tools of descriptive statistics enable one to simplify, summarize,
and organize data. Answer: True
⩥ After measuring a sample of individuals, a researcher finds that one
participant's score is bigger than another participant's score, but the
researcher can't specify how much bigger. The measurements must come
from a(n) ____ scale. Answer: Ordinal
⩥ The class of statistical techniques that summarize, organize, and
simplify data are classified as ____________. Answer: descriptive
statistics
⩥ A researcher is interested in the average of time that 9th grade boys in
the United States spend playing video games. The entire group of 9th
,grade male students in the U.S.A. is an example of a _________.
Answer: population
⩥ The major advantage of constructing a frequency polygon instead of a
histogram is that two or more distributions may be easily depicted on the
same set of axes when you use the polygon rather than bars. Answer:
True
⩥ In the frequency distribution where X refers to quiz scores (the
number correct), how many individuals took the quiz?
XF
15 12
14 11
13 5
12 0
11 2 Answer: 30
⩥ Rating a group of large metropolitan cities in the USA in terms of
"quality of life" using ratings of
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, with "1" reflecting the lowest quality and "5" reflecting
the highest quality, would be an example of measurement on a(n)
____________ scale of measurement. Answer: Ordinal
,⩥ The ____________ is most useful for nominal data, whereas the
median is more useful with ____________ data. Answer: Mode, Skewed
⩥ If the highest score in a distribution is X = 12 and the lowest score is
X = 4, then the range is 9 points. Answer: True
⩥ The mean is considered to be the "midpoint" for a distribution because
exactly half of the scores are located above the mean and exactly half are
below the mean. Answer: False
⩥ Since extreme values in a distribution do not affect the median, the
__________ is preferred with interval/ratio data when the data are
extremely skewed. Answer: median
⩥ The standard deviation is closely related to the variance. In fact, the
standard deviation is the ____________ of the variance. Answer: square
root
⩥ A researcher measures personality for a sample of n = 50 people and
classifies each person as either Type A, Type B, or Type C personality.
Which measure of central tendency would be appropriate to summarize
these measurements? Answer: mode
, ⩥ What value is obtained if you add all the deviations from the mean for
a population, then divide the sum by N? Answer: You will always get
zero
⩥ Which of the following is true for a normal distribution? Answer: The
mean, median and mode are all equal
⩥ In general, what is the relationship between the standard deviation and
variance? Answer: The standard deviation is the square root of the
variance
⩥ A teacher gave a reading test to a class of 5th-grade students and
computed the mean, median, and mode for the test scores. Which of the
following statements is the only accurate description of the scores that
can be made? Answer: Half of the students had scores equal to or above
the median
⩥ The scores below are the heights, in inches, of number of
grandchildren that elderly adults in an assisted living home moved have.
Scores: 66, 68, 65, 67, 69, 66, 68, 68, 70, 65, 65
For these data, calculate the population variance, . Round to the nearest
tenths place if a fraction. The variance is: Answer: 2.7
