SOPHIA UNIT 1 Philosophy_Milestone 1 Exam Fall 2020 | SOPHIA UNIT 1 _MILESTONE 1_Exam_Graded A

Sophia :: Welcome UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 Score 13/25 You passed this Milestone 13 questions were answered correctly. 12 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 F or Plato, the Forms are the (A) metaphysical foundation of reality, which means that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of the Forms. Move the terms into the correct blanks Aet hical natural logical metaphysical RATIONALE Plato was interested in abstract concepts (e.g., being and substance). These concepts are the subjects of the field of philosophy known as metaphysics. Plato wanted to know how these concepts exist in reality (i.e., their essences). Therefore, Plato's Forms were his metaphysical notion of the essences that ground the knowledge of reality. CONCEPT Plato Forms: The Objects of Knowledge Report an issue with this question 2 C hoose the false statement about a central theme of the Greek atomists. A philosophical atom is the same as a chemical atom. Atoms come in different shapes and sizes, and can exist in a number of ways.2/12/2019 Sophia :: Welcome Everything that exists is either an atom or a collection of atoms. All reality is composed of atoms in a void. RATIONALE The atomists believed that everything that exists is either an atom, or a collection of atoms. They also believed that all matter and phenomena are the result of different configurations of atoms of different shapes and sizes. However, a philosophical atom is not the same as a chemical atom. To the atomists, a philosophical atom was an indivisible entity. Chemical atoms, as science has demonstrated, can be divided into smaller parts. CONCEPT The Atomistic Worldview Report an issue with this question 3 N ancy is a cashier at a grocery store. A boy from her school, who she knows is underage, attempts to buy beer. Nancy hesitates before completing the transaction. According to Aristotle’s ethics, which question should Nancy ask herself? Are there possible consequences of this action that could harm me? What kind of person should I be? How can I reach a compromise? Why is this action right, and why is it wrong? RATIONALE Aristotelian ethics are primarily concerned with character. As a result, Nancy should ask herself “What kind of person should I be?” rather than “How should I act?” According to Aristotelian ethics, actions are evaluated based on how they inform your character. Therefore, Nancy must determine what kind of person she wants to be and what virtues she wants to cultivate, and then act accordingly. CONCEPT Applying Aristotle's Ethics2/12/2019 Sophia :: Welcome Report an issue with this question 4 In the Apology, Socrates states that a good person does what he knows to be right despite __________. negative personal consequences the wisdom of the gods the laws of man risking fame and fortune RATIONALE The Apology is Plato's transcription of the defense Socrates presented at his trial on charges of "denying the gods" and "corrupting the youth of Athens." In it, Socrates asserts that he does not fear death, because he has lived as he believed was right. To Socrates, it is more important to live rightly than to avoid death and other negative personal consequences. CONCEPT The Apology: A Defense of Philosophy Report an issue with this question 5 W hat kind of a thing is an orchid? It is a type of flower. What distinguishes an orchid from other flowers? The female and male parts of an orchid are fused together. According to Aristotle, answering both of these questions reveals the __________ of an orchid. ontology genus essence organization2/12/2019 Sophia :: Welcome RATIONALE According to Aristotle, we can discover and describe essences by identifying a genus and a differentia. The genus (in this example, a flower) tells us what kind of thing an orchid is. The differentia tells us what sets an orchid apart from other things of the same kind. CONCEPT Aristotle on What There Is Report an issue with this question 6 F red believes that the death penalty is ethically wrong. After watching a documentary about capital punishment, he discussed his belief with his wife. Choose the statement from Fred that is NOT consistent with his belief. “If someone harmed a member of our family, I believe he would deserve death.” “No matter the offense, the state should never use death as punishment.” “The threat of the death penalty does not deter criminals from committing crimes.” “Humans must not play God by deciding when someone’s life should end.” RATIONALE To live philosophically, a person must examine his or her beliefs to ground them in knowledge, and then act according to those beliefs. By making an exception to his position on the death penalty for people who harmed a member of his family, Fred displays an inconsistent philosophical worldview. CONCEPT Philosophical Analysis as a Way of Life Report an issue with this question 7 C hoose the example that best demonstrates a central tenet of Stoicism. Stephanie is a good nurse because she is skillful and always remains composed.2/12/2019 Sophia :: Welcome Carlene is devastated when her outdoor party is interrupted by a thunderstorm. Mr. Donovan insists that he begin each morning with pastry and a cup of sweet tea. Bob is such a rabid Cubs fan that it isn’t fun to watch a baseball game with him - - - - - - - Continued