NR 341 – Pharmacology CJE Exam Study Guide
with Verified Questions and Correct Answers|
2026
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients?
Elderly patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients?
Elderly patients experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients?
Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in
elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients?
Aging leads to decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood
flow.
,What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients?
Elderly patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin,
and decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients?
Elderly patients experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion?
Aging results in decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication?
Weight/dose calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients?
Pediatric patients have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying,
faster IM absorption, and thinner skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients?
, Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding, increased
blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults?
Pediatric patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older children may
have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric
patients?
Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased drug
excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications?
Category A: No risk to humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C:
Adverse risk to animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal
abnormalities reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication?
Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication concentration.
with Verified Questions and Correct Answers|
2026
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients?
Elderly patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients?
Elderly patients experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients?
Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is common in
elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients?
Aging leads to decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood
flow.
,What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients?
Elderly patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin,
and decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients?
Elderly patients experience a slower first-pass effect.
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion?
Aging results in decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication?
Weight/dose calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients?
Pediatric patients have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying,
faster IM absorption, and thinner skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients?
, Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding, increased
blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults?
Pediatric patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older children may
have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric
patients?
Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to decreased drug
excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications?
Category A: No risk to humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C:
Adverse risk to animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal
abnormalities reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication?
Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication concentration.
