CHT BONENT COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Signs patient is having real weight loss - ✔✔Sob, not able to lay flat , edema,
✔✔malnutrition - ✔✔Black and Mexicans live longer on HD than white due to better
nutrition
3x more likely to die if malnourished
If albumin and cholesterol are low it suggest malnutrition
Finding and treating malnutrition fast can help save pts life
✔✔If supplements don't work for people with malnutrition - ✔✔Feeding tube, IDPN, TPN
✔✔IDPN - ✔✔Intradialytic parenteral nutrition which is administered directly into the
bloodstream during dialysis
Includes carbs, protein, fats, sugars and amino acids
✔✔TPN - ✔✔total parenteral nutrition, provide all of most of patients nutrition
✔✔myocardial stunning - ✔✔heart failure can be due to to much water intake
✔✔Patients should restrict sodium to - ✔✔1500mg a day or less. Avoid slay, process
food, pickles and preserved meats.
Pts can use no salt spices and herbs instead
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔Dialysis removed water soluble vitamins so patients need to take
60-100mg vitamin c
1-5mg folate
2mg vitamin b6
3mg vitamin b12
All OTC vitamins must be approved by doctor
✔✔Vitamins dialysis remove - ✔✔Biotin
Folacin
Niacin
Panthenic acid
Riboflavin (B2)
Thiamin
Vitamins b6,b12,c
✔✔Transient Patient - ✔✔Traveling patient
✔✔Patients can lose hair due to - ✔✔Lack of protein during CKD
Starting of dialysis
, ✔✔Babies born to women on dialysis have - ✔✔50% survival rate
✔✔Patient education steps include - ✔✔Readiness, need, language, repeat, belief
✔✔Solution - ✔✔mixture of solvent and solute
✔✔Solvent - ✔✔Fluid
✔✔Solute - ✔✔A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
✔✔What is the solution, solvent, and solute in dialysis? - ✔✔Solution-dialysate
Solvent-treated water
Solute-electrolytes and glucose
✔✔Why do we match the electrolytes in dialsyate closely to patients blood? - ✔✔To
avoid loss of electrolytes during tx
✔✔Solubility - ✔✔How well a solute fully dissolved in a solvent
✔✔concentraion - ✔✔Only so much solute can be dissolved before a solvent become
saturated (full)
✔✔Why do we use 2 concentrates to make dialysate - ✔✔To avoid the formation of
solids
✔✔acid concentrate - ✔✔Has calcium and magnesium
✔✔bicarbonate concentrate - ✔✔Has bicarb and carbonate
✔✔When water has bicarb and carbonate.... - ✔✔We can't add calcium and magnesium
without forming solids so we dilute with water
✔✔Percipitate - ✔✔Solids that can form when some solutes mix , we make dialysate
out of 2 solutions to avoid this
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔Solutes move across membrane till both sides are equal when to
solutions come in contact with a semipermeable membrane.
In dialysis waste diffuses across membrane to dialysate
✔✔Gradient - ✔✔The difference between the 2 concentrations in both sides of the
semipermeable membrane.
We use in dialysis to force waste out of blood, and to balance electrolytes
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔Lower solutes than blood
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Signs patient is having real weight loss - ✔✔Sob, not able to lay flat , edema,
✔✔malnutrition - ✔✔Black and Mexicans live longer on HD than white due to better
nutrition
3x more likely to die if malnourished
If albumin and cholesterol are low it suggest malnutrition
Finding and treating malnutrition fast can help save pts life
✔✔If supplements don't work for people with malnutrition - ✔✔Feeding tube, IDPN, TPN
✔✔IDPN - ✔✔Intradialytic parenteral nutrition which is administered directly into the
bloodstream during dialysis
Includes carbs, protein, fats, sugars and amino acids
✔✔TPN - ✔✔total parenteral nutrition, provide all of most of patients nutrition
✔✔myocardial stunning - ✔✔heart failure can be due to to much water intake
✔✔Patients should restrict sodium to - ✔✔1500mg a day or less. Avoid slay, process
food, pickles and preserved meats.
Pts can use no salt spices and herbs instead
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔Dialysis removed water soluble vitamins so patients need to take
60-100mg vitamin c
1-5mg folate
2mg vitamin b6
3mg vitamin b12
All OTC vitamins must be approved by doctor
✔✔Vitamins dialysis remove - ✔✔Biotin
Folacin
Niacin
Panthenic acid
Riboflavin (B2)
Thiamin
Vitamins b6,b12,c
✔✔Transient Patient - ✔✔Traveling patient
✔✔Patients can lose hair due to - ✔✔Lack of protein during CKD
Starting of dialysis
, ✔✔Babies born to women on dialysis have - ✔✔50% survival rate
✔✔Patient education steps include - ✔✔Readiness, need, language, repeat, belief
✔✔Solution - ✔✔mixture of solvent and solute
✔✔Solvent - ✔✔Fluid
✔✔Solute - ✔✔A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
✔✔What is the solution, solvent, and solute in dialysis? - ✔✔Solution-dialysate
Solvent-treated water
Solute-electrolytes and glucose
✔✔Why do we match the electrolytes in dialsyate closely to patients blood? - ✔✔To
avoid loss of electrolytes during tx
✔✔Solubility - ✔✔How well a solute fully dissolved in a solvent
✔✔concentraion - ✔✔Only so much solute can be dissolved before a solvent become
saturated (full)
✔✔Why do we use 2 concentrates to make dialysate - ✔✔To avoid the formation of
solids
✔✔acid concentrate - ✔✔Has calcium and magnesium
✔✔bicarbonate concentrate - ✔✔Has bicarb and carbonate
✔✔When water has bicarb and carbonate.... - ✔✔We can't add calcium and magnesium
without forming solids so we dilute with water
✔✔Percipitate - ✔✔Solids that can form when some solutes mix , we make dialysate
out of 2 solutions to avoid this
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔Solutes move across membrane till both sides are equal when to
solutions come in contact with a semipermeable membrane.
In dialysis waste diffuses across membrane to dialysate
✔✔Gradient - ✔✔The difference between the 2 concentrations in both sides of the
semipermeable membrane.
We use in dialysis to force waste out of blood, and to balance electrolytes
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔Lower solutes than blood
