STATISTICS FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES -
CUMULATIVE FINAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [
GUARANTEED A+]
• Descriptive statistic - ✔✔Organizes, summarizes, and communicates a
group of numerical observations
• Inferential statistic - ✔✔Uses sample data to make general estimates
about the larger population
• Sample - ✔✔Set of observations drawn from the population of interest
©morren 2025/2026.Year published 2026.
,• Population - ✔✔Includes all possible observations about which we'd like
to know something
• Variable - ✔✔Any observation of a physical, attitudinal, or behavioral
characteristic that can take on different values
• Discrete observation - ✔✔Variable that can take on only specific values
(e.g. whole numbers); no other values can exist between these numbers
• Continuous observation - ✔✔Variable that can take on a full range of
values (e.g. numbers out to several decimal places); an infinite number
of potential values exists
• Nominal variable - ✔✔Variable used for observations that have
categories, or names, as their values
©morren 2025/2026.Year published 2026.
, • Ordinal variable - ✔✔Variable used for observations that have rankings
as their values
• Interval variable - ✔✔Variable used for observations that have numbers
as their values; the distance (or interval) between pairs of consecutive
numbers is assumed to be equal
• Ratio variable - ✔✔Variable that meets the criteria for an interval
variable but also has a meaningful zero point
• Scale variable - ✔✔Variable that meets the criteria for an interval
variable or a ratio variable
• Level - ✔✔Discrete value or condition that a variable can take on
©morren 2025/2026.Year published 2026.
CUMULATIVE FINAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [
GUARANTEED A+]
• Descriptive statistic - ✔✔Organizes, summarizes, and communicates a
group of numerical observations
• Inferential statistic - ✔✔Uses sample data to make general estimates
about the larger population
• Sample - ✔✔Set of observations drawn from the population of interest
©morren 2025/2026.Year published 2026.
,• Population - ✔✔Includes all possible observations about which we'd like
to know something
• Variable - ✔✔Any observation of a physical, attitudinal, or behavioral
characteristic that can take on different values
• Discrete observation - ✔✔Variable that can take on only specific values
(e.g. whole numbers); no other values can exist between these numbers
• Continuous observation - ✔✔Variable that can take on a full range of
values (e.g. numbers out to several decimal places); an infinite number
of potential values exists
• Nominal variable - ✔✔Variable used for observations that have
categories, or names, as their values
©morren 2025/2026.Year published 2026.
, • Ordinal variable - ✔✔Variable used for observations that have rankings
as their values
• Interval variable - ✔✔Variable used for observations that have numbers
as their values; the distance (or interval) between pairs of consecutive
numbers is assumed to be equal
• Ratio variable - ✔✔Variable that meets the criteria for an interval
variable but also has a meaningful zero point
• Scale variable - ✔✔Variable that meets the criteria for an interval
variable or a ratio variable
• Level - ✔✔Discrete value or condition that a variable can take on
©morren 2025/2026.Year published 2026.
