bio 110 exam 2: ch 6, 8, 9, 10
Questions with Accurate Answers
energy - ANSWERSthe capacity to do work
work - ANSWERSthe transfer of energy to an object causing the object to move
potential energy - ANSWERSstored energy (position)
kinetic energy - ANSWERSenergy of movement (motion)
law of conservation of energy - ANSWERSenergy can neither be created nor destroyed
second law of thermodynamics - ANSWERSenergy conversions result in a loss of
useful energy
entropy - ANSWERSamount of randomness and disorder in a system
endergonic reaction - ANSWERSrequire an outside energy contribution before it can
take place; net input of energy
exergonic reaction - ANSWERSoccur spontaneously without having to input energy;
release energy
activation energy - ANSWERSthe energy needed to begin chemical reaction
ATP - ANSWERSshort term energy storage
coupled reactions - ANSWERSexergonic reaction creates energy to start endergonic
reaction
catalyst - ANSWERSreduce the energy required to start a reaction; lowers activation
energy
enzymes - ANSWERSspecific proteins that catalyze specific reactions
competitive inhibitor - ANSWERSa molecule that occupies the active site and blocks the
entry of the substrate
noncompetitive inhibitor - ANSWERScauses the active site to change shape so the
substrate no longer fits
, affects enzymes - ANSWERStemperature, ph, and salt concentration
glucose breakdown - ANSWERSC6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy +
heat energy
photosynthesis - ANSWERS6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
glycolysis - ANSWERSsplits apart glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
fermentation - ANSWERSallows NAD+ to be recycled when oxygen is absent
cellular respiration - ANSWERSoccurs in mitrochondria; forms acetyl CoA and then
enters the krebs cycle
krebs cycle - ANSWERS2nd stage in the mitochondiral matrix of cellular respiration;
produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH, 4 CO2, and 2 ATP
electron transport chain - ANSWERShigh energy electrons travel to oxygen to form
H2O and Hydrogen atoms go through ATP synthase channel and creates ATP
cell division - ANSWERSprocess by which cells make more cells; transmits hereditary
information to each daughter cell; required for growth and development
self-renewal - ANSWERSretain capacity to divide
prokaryotic cell cycle - ANSWERSprokaryotic fission; 5 stages
eukaryotic cell cycle - ANSWERSinterphase and mitotic cell division
prokaryotic cell chromosome - ANSWERSDNA contained in a single, circular
chromosome
eukaryotic cell chromosome - ANSWERSlinear DNA double helix bound to proteins
asexual reproduction - ANSWERSformation of offspring without having a sperm fertilize
an egg
centromere - ANSWERSattachment site for microtubules; hold together daughter DNA
gene loci - ANSWERSspecific location of a gene on a chromosome
telomere - ANSWERSprotective cap at the end of chromosome, protect end genes, and
stop from fusing together
haploid (n) - ANSWERS1 copy of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes;
nonhomologous; human cells are only this type of cells when they are sperm and egg
Questions with Accurate Answers
energy - ANSWERSthe capacity to do work
work - ANSWERSthe transfer of energy to an object causing the object to move
potential energy - ANSWERSstored energy (position)
kinetic energy - ANSWERSenergy of movement (motion)
law of conservation of energy - ANSWERSenergy can neither be created nor destroyed
second law of thermodynamics - ANSWERSenergy conversions result in a loss of
useful energy
entropy - ANSWERSamount of randomness and disorder in a system
endergonic reaction - ANSWERSrequire an outside energy contribution before it can
take place; net input of energy
exergonic reaction - ANSWERSoccur spontaneously without having to input energy;
release energy
activation energy - ANSWERSthe energy needed to begin chemical reaction
ATP - ANSWERSshort term energy storage
coupled reactions - ANSWERSexergonic reaction creates energy to start endergonic
reaction
catalyst - ANSWERSreduce the energy required to start a reaction; lowers activation
energy
enzymes - ANSWERSspecific proteins that catalyze specific reactions
competitive inhibitor - ANSWERSa molecule that occupies the active site and blocks the
entry of the substrate
noncompetitive inhibitor - ANSWERScauses the active site to change shape so the
substrate no longer fits
, affects enzymes - ANSWERStemperature, ph, and salt concentration
glucose breakdown - ANSWERSC6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy +
heat energy
photosynthesis - ANSWERS6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
glycolysis - ANSWERSsplits apart glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
fermentation - ANSWERSallows NAD+ to be recycled when oxygen is absent
cellular respiration - ANSWERSoccurs in mitrochondria; forms acetyl CoA and then
enters the krebs cycle
krebs cycle - ANSWERS2nd stage in the mitochondiral matrix of cellular respiration;
produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH, 4 CO2, and 2 ATP
electron transport chain - ANSWERShigh energy electrons travel to oxygen to form
H2O and Hydrogen atoms go through ATP synthase channel and creates ATP
cell division - ANSWERSprocess by which cells make more cells; transmits hereditary
information to each daughter cell; required for growth and development
self-renewal - ANSWERSretain capacity to divide
prokaryotic cell cycle - ANSWERSprokaryotic fission; 5 stages
eukaryotic cell cycle - ANSWERSinterphase and mitotic cell division
prokaryotic cell chromosome - ANSWERSDNA contained in a single, circular
chromosome
eukaryotic cell chromosome - ANSWERSlinear DNA double helix bound to proteins
asexual reproduction - ANSWERSformation of offspring without having a sperm fertilize
an egg
centromere - ANSWERSattachment site for microtubules; hold together daughter DNA
gene loci - ANSWERSspecific location of a gene on a chromosome
telomere - ANSWERSprotective cap at the end of chromosome, protect end genes, and
stop from fusing together
haploid (n) - ANSWERS1 copy of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes;
nonhomologous; human cells are only this type of cells when they are sperm and egg
