FCS Praxis 5122- Complete topic &
Study Notes EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS SOLUTION 2026 COMPLETE
EXAM | 100% CORRECT
What was Jean Piaget"s Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cognitive Development
What are Jean Piaget's 4 stages that describe intellectual development from infancy to adulthood? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Sensorimotor, Pre Operational, Concrete, Formal
Sensorimotor Stage (0-2yoa) - CORRECT ANSWERS Child uses senses, light, hearing, to learn
about the world. They develop hand eye coordination. * The children learn to solve simple problems like
using their hands to drop a block into a bucket.
Pre Operational Stage (2-7 yoa) - CORRECT ANSWERS Child uses words, symbols, & pictures.
They begin to understand language & can focus attention on subject or object. They have a faulty sense
of logic when it comes to things such as, volume, mass & number
Concrete Operational (7-11 yoa) - CORRECT ANSWERS Child thinking becomes logical
regarding concrete objects. They are capable of understanding Volume, mass, and number. Like the
example of pouring liquid into two different shaped containers.
Formal ( 11- end of life) - CORRECT ANSWERS Understands abstract concepts and develops a
logical way of thinking of concepts.
What is one negative aspect of Jean Piaget's theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS It ignores many of
the benefits of adult learning.
What are the 3 Basic components of Cognitive Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Schemas (the
building blocks of knowledge) Adaption Process (Equilibrium, assimilation, accomodation)
Stages of Cog Development (Sens, Pre-Op, Concrete, Formal)
Why is Jean Piaget's theory so important? - CORRECT ANSWERS Because it was the 1st theory
that recognized children can actively and effectively learn on their own rather than depending on
another person.
What was Lawerence Kolhberg Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Moral Development (ethical
behavior)
Kohlberg Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS Believed in 6 identifiable stages classified into 3 Levels.
(6 stages & 3 levels)
What are the 3 levels of Kolhberg Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS Pre-Conventional(stage 1&2)
Conventional (stage 3&4)
Post Conventional (stage 5&6)
,* He believed individuals could only progress through stages 1 @ a time. No jumping stages!
Kolhberg Preconventional Level - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-Obedience & Punishment (behaving
according to social norms & authority figures)
2- Individualism, Instrumentilisim, & Exchange (acting in ones best interest)
Kolhberg Conventional Level - CORRECT ANSWERS 3- "Good boy/Girl" (approval of others)
4- Law & Order (abiding by laws & responding to duty)
Kolhberg Post Conventional Level - CORRECT ANSWERS 5- Social Contract (understanding
social mutuality & general interest in the welfare of others)
6- Principled Conscience (respect for universal principle & demands of conscience)
What is Erik Erikson's theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Psychosocial Development
What did Erikson's theory involve? - CORRECT ANSWERS It breaks down the process of
human development into 8 stages necessary for healthy functioning.
* During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative
outcome for personality development.
Erikson Stage 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS Trust vs Mistrust (Infancy 0-1)
* Example- Parent leaving room and child trusting that they will return*
Erikson Stage 2 - CORRECT ANSWERS Autonomy vs Shame (Early Childhood 1-3)
*Example- Need to become independent, like using the bathroom by oneself. If completed child gains
independence, if not child will feel shame & doubt *
Erikson Stage 3 - CORRECT ANSWERS Initiative vs Guilt (Play age 3-5)
*Example- A child exploring who they want to become in the future. If child is unable to explore
ambitions and are expected to function with too much self-control, they will develope guilt*
Erikson Stage 4 - CORRECT ANSWERS Industry vs Inferiority (school Age 5-12)
*example- need to develop the ability to complete productive task like school work and working in
groups*
Erikson Stage 5-8 - CORRECT ANSWERS 5- Ego Identity vs Role Confusion (Adolescence 12-18)
6- Intimacy vs Isolation (young adult 18-40)
7- Generativity vs Stagnation (Adulthood 40-65)
8- Ego Identity vs Despair ( Maturity 65 +)
Benjamin Bloom ( Revised Taxonomy 6 Levels for Educational Objectives) - CORRECT ANSWERS
1. Knowledge (recalling data from long term memory)
2. Comprehension (grasping meaning)
3. Application (using learned material & applying)
4. Analysis (breaking down material & analyzing how it relates)
5. Synthesis (putting together separate ideas to est new)
6.Evaluation (reviewing evidence & making appr statements & judgement)
, Jerome Bruner Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 Modes of Representations
What were Bruner's 3 Modes of Representations - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Inactive
Representation (0-1)--action ex. Shaking a rattle
2. Iconic Representation (1-6)--Image ex. pictures
3. Symbolic Representation (7+)--language ex. words, math, symbols
What were the two theory's associated with Jerome Bruner? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.
Discovery Learning Theory- Learners can discover/process info by themselves or in groups
2. Constructivism Theory--students can solve real life problems & make new meaning through reflection
What is Abraham Maslow associated with? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Abraham Maslow later added two needs to his Hierarchy of needs what were they? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Cognitive (abstract & concrete knowledge)
Aesthetic Layer ( discove/create & experience beauty & art) * final layer
What did Maslow mean by neurotic needs? - CORRECT ANSWERS He theorized that if an
individual was unable to meet the needs of any given layer of the pyramid, then those needs would
become *NEUROTIC NEEDS*
What was Robert Havinghurst associated with? - CORRECT ANSWERS 6 Developmental Task
* There are certain task each individual must go through @ points in life to develop into a happy &
successful adult.
Havinghurst 6 Developmental Tasks - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Early Childhood (0-5) walk/talk,
right/wrong
2. Middle Childhood (6-12) moral devl, getting along w others
3. Adolescence (13-18) learning to relate to opp sex. Role of gender in society
4.Early Adulthood (19-29) Long term relationship, career, family
5. Middle Age (30-60) finding adult rec. activities, helping children
6.Later Maturity (61+) adjusting to death of a spouse, affects of old age, finding ppl to interact with
B.F Skinner - CORRECT ANSWERS operant conditioning- believed the best way to understand
behavior is to look @ the causes of an action & it consequences. He identified 3 types of responses
1. Neutral Operants
2.Reinforcers
3. Punishers
Lev Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWERS
Lev Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWERS
Fair Labor Standard Act - CORRECT ANSWERS *banned child labor, established a minimum
wage, and made employers regularly pay employees
*established the minimum wage and maximum work hours for many workers.
Study Notes EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS SOLUTION 2026 COMPLETE
EXAM | 100% CORRECT
What was Jean Piaget"s Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cognitive Development
What are Jean Piaget's 4 stages that describe intellectual development from infancy to adulthood? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Sensorimotor, Pre Operational, Concrete, Formal
Sensorimotor Stage (0-2yoa) - CORRECT ANSWERS Child uses senses, light, hearing, to learn
about the world. They develop hand eye coordination. * The children learn to solve simple problems like
using their hands to drop a block into a bucket.
Pre Operational Stage (2-7 yoa) - CORRECT ANSWERS Child uses words, symbols, & pictures.
They begin to understand language & can focus attention on subject or object. They have a faulty sense
of logic when it comes to things such as, volume, mass & number
Concrete Operational (7-11 yoa) - CORRECT ANSWERS Child thinking becomes logical
regarding concrete objects. They are capable of understanding Volume, mass, and number. Like the
example of pouring liquid into two different shaped containers.
Formal ( 11- end of life) - CORRECT ANSWERS Understands abstract concepts and develops a
logical way of thinking of concepts.
What is one negative aspect of Jean Piaget's theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS It ignores many of
the benefits of adult learning.
What are the 3 Basic components of Cognitive Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Schemas (the
building blocks of knowledge) Adaption Process (Equilibrium, assimilation, accomodation)
Stages of Cog Development (Sens, Pre-Op, Concrete, Formal)
Why is Jean Piaget's theory so important? - CORRECT ANSWERS Because it was the 1st theory
that recognized children can actively and effectively learn on their own rather than depending on
another person.
What was Lawerence Kolhberg Theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Moral Development (ethical
behavior)
Kohlberg Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS Believed in 6 identifiable stages classified into 3 Levels.
(6 stages & 3 levels)
What are the 3 levels of Kolhberg Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS Pre-Conventional(stage 1&2)
Conventional (stage 3&4)
Post Conventional (stage 5&6)
,* He believed individuals could only progress through stages 1 @ a time. No jumping stages!
Kolhberg Preconventional Level - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-Obedience & Punishment (behaving
according to social norms & authority figures)
2- Individualism, Instrumentilisim, & Exchange (acting in ones best interest)
Kolhberg Conventional Level - CORRECT ANSWERS 3- "Good boy/Girl" (approval of others)
4- Law & Order (abiding by laws & responding to duty)
Kolhberg Post Conventional Level - CORRECT ANSWERS 5- Social Contract (understanding
social mutuality & general interest in the welfare of others)
6- Principled Conscience (respect for universal principle & demands of conscience)
What is Erik Erikson's theory? - CORRECT ANSWERS Psychosocial Development
What did Erikson's theory involve? - CORRECT ANSWERS It breaks down the process of
human development into 8 stages necessary for healthy functioning.
* During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative
outcome for personality development.
Erikson Stage 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS Trust vs Mistrust (Infancy 0-1)
* Example- Parent leaving room and child trusting that they will return*
Erikson Stage 2 - CORRECT ANSWERS Autonomy vs Shame (Early Childhood 1-3)
*Example- Need to become independent, like using the bathroom by oneself. If completed child gains
independence, if not child will feel shame & doubt *
Erikson Stage 3 - CORRECT ANSWERS Initiative vs Guilt (Play age 3-5)
*Example- A child exploring who they want to become in the future. If child is unable to explore
ambitions and are expected to function with too much self-control, they will develope guilt*
Erikson Stage 4 - CORRECT ANSWERS Industry vs Inferiority (school Age 5-12)
*example- need to develop the ability to complete productive task like school work and working in
groups*
Erikson Stage 5-8 - CORRECT ANSWERS 5- Ego Identity vs Role Confusion (Adolescence 12-18)
6- Intimacy vs Isolation (young adult 18-40)
7- Generativity vs Stagnation (Adulthood 40-65)
8- Ego Identity vs Despair ( Maturity 65 +)
Benjamin Bloom ( Revised Taxonomy 6 Levels for Educational Objectives) - CORRECT ANSWERS
1. Knowledge (recalling data from long term memory)
2. Comprehension (grasping meaning)
3. Application (using learned material & applying)
4. Analysis (breaking down material & analyzing how it relates)
5. Synthesis (putting together separate ideas to est new)
6.Evaluation (reviewing evidence & making appr statements & judgement)
, Jerome Bruner Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 Modes of Representations
What were Bruner's 3 Modes of Representations - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Inactive
Representation (0-1)--action ex. Shaking a rattle
2. Iconic Representation (1-6)--Image ex. pictures
3. Symbolic Representation (7+)--language ex. words, math, symbols
What were the two theory's associated with Jerome Bruner? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1.
Discovery Learning Theory- Learners can discover/process info by themselves or in groups
2. Constructivism Theory--students can solve real life problems & make new meaning through reflection
What is Abraham Maslow associated with? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Abraham Maslow later added two needs to his Hierarchy of needs what were they? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Cognitive (abstract & concrete knowledge)
Aesthetic Layer ( discove/create & experience beauty & art) * final layer
What did Maslow mean by neurotic needs? - CORRECT ANSWERS He theorized that if an
individual was unable to meet the needs of any given layer of the pyramid, then those needs would
become *NEUROTIC NEEDS*
What was Robert Havinghurst associated with? - CORRECT ANSWERS 6 Developmental Task
* There are certain task each individual must go through @ points in life to develop into a happy &
successful adult.
Havinghurst 6 Developmental Tasks - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Early Childhood (0-5) walk/talk,
right/wrong
2. Middle Childhood (6-12) moral devl, getting along w others
3. Adolescence (13-18) learning to relate to opp sex. Role of gender in society
4.Early Adulthood (19-29) Long term relationship, career, family
5. Middle Age (30-60) finding adult rec. activities, helping children
6.Later Maturity (61+) adjusting to death of a spouse, affects of old age, finding ppl to interact with
B.F Skinner - CORRECT ANSWERS operant conditioning- believed the best way to understand
behavior is to look @ the causes of an action & it consequences. He identified 3 types of responses
1. Neutral Operants
2.Reinforcers
3. Punishers
Lev Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWERS
Lev Vygotsky - CORRECT ANSWERS
Fair Labor Standard Act - CORRECT ANSWERS *banned child labor, established a minimum
wage, and made employers regularly pay employees
*established the minimum wage and maximum work hours for many workers.
