DETAILED
What are the adult ventilation rates and adequate volumes? - ANSWER 12-20 breaths
per minute, 120/80 BP, O2 Stat of greater than 95%
What are the complications of hyperventilation? - ANSWER Leads to carbon dioxide
blow off, which causes vasoconstriction, and limits blood flow to the brain
What is dyspnea? - ANSWER difficulty breathing
What is nocturnal dyspnea? - ANSWER Difficulty breathing after sleep or while asleep
Lung sounds usually heard usually during asthma, COPD, emphysema, and Chronic
Bronchitis / high pitched - ANSWER Wheezes
Lung sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli / sounds like bubbles - ANSWER Crackles
Lung sound due to a obstruction / high pitched on inspiration - ANSWER Stridor
Lung sounds due to secretions in larger airways / Lower pitched - ANSWER Rhonchi
Condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs and/or other organs because of inadequate
pumping of the heart - ANSWER Congestive heart failure
1
, Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and respiratory illnesses are classified as -
ANSWER COPD / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Air from the chest cavity is prevented from escaping, usually during closed chest injuries and
caused by rub on internal surfaces - ANSWER Tension pneumothorax
Tachycardia is? - ANSWER High heart rate
Bradycardia is? - ANSWER Low heart rate
What is hyperventilation? - ANSWER Increased depth and rate of breathing
What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER It is a backup system to control respirations when
oxygen levels fall. *Secondary drive*
What are the complications from tracheostomy tubes? - ANSWER A buildup of mucus
in the tube, dislodge-meant of tube, or infection around stoma
What is the pathophysiology of the upper and lower airways? - ANSWER Nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
Where are beta 2 receptors located? - ANSWER Lungs
What do beta 2 receptors do? - ANSWER Stimulate bronchioles to dilate
Where are beta 1 receptors located? - ANSWER heart
2
What are the adult ventilation rates and adequate volumes? - ANSWER 12-20 breaths
per minute, 120/80 BP, O2 Stat of greater than 95%
What are the complications of hyperventilation? - ANSWER Leads to carbon dioxide
blow off, which causes vasoconstriction, and limits blood flow to the brain
What is dyspnea? - ANSWER difficulty breathing
What is nocturnal dyspnea? - ANSWER Difficulty breathing after sleep or while asleep
Lung sounds usually heard usually during asthma, COPD, emphysema, and Chronic
Bronchitis / high pitched - ANSWER Wheezes
Lung sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli / sounds like bubbles - ANSWER Crackles
Lung sound due to a obstruction / high pitched on inspiration - ANSWER Stridor
Lung sounds due to secretions in larger airways / Lower pitched - ANSWER Rhonchi
Condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs and/or other organs because of inadequate
pumping of the heart - ANSWER Congestive heart failure
1
, Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and respiratory illnesses are classified as -
ANSWER COPD / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Air from the chest cavity is prevented from escaping, usually during closed chest injuries and
caused by rub on internal surfaces - ANSWER Tension pneumothorax
Tachycardia is? - ANSWER High heart rate
Bradycardia is? - ANSWER Low heart rate
What is hyperventilation? - ANSWER Increased depth and rate of breathing
What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER It is a backup system to control respirations when
oxygen levels fall. *Secondary drive*
What are the complications from tracheostomy tubes? - ANSWER A buildup of mucus
in the tube, dislodge-meant of tube, or infection around stoma
What is the pathophysiology of the upper and lower airways? - ANSWER Nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
Where are beta 2 receptors located? - ANSWER Lungs
What do beta 2 receptors do? - ANSWER Stimulate bronchioles to dilate
Where are beta 1 receptors located? - ANSWER heart
2
