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samenvatting farmacognosie theorie

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak farmacognosie. Uitgebreide en gestructureerde samenvatting met structuren en de nodige uitleg.

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Uploaded on
January 4, 2026
Number of pages
14
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Summary

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FARMACOGNOSIE
POLYKETI DEN

MACRO LI DEN


POLYEEN ANTIBIOTICA
Amphotericine
Nyastatine

Reeks geconjugeerde
dubbele bindingen =
onstabiel! In koelkast
bewaren

Werking:
Antifungaal



Mechanisme:
Complexvorming met sterolen in de celmembraan van eukaryoten
10x sterkere binding met ergosterol (fungi) dan cholesterol (zoogdieren)
-> verandering permeabiliteit celwand -> vorming poriën -> verlies van ionen -> celdood


MACROLI DEN ANTIBIOTICA




Geen groot aantal dubbele bindingen
Werking: Antibacterieel G+ bacteriën

Mechanisme: Inhibitie van bacteriële proteïne synthese
door binding aan 50S subunit van bacteriële ribosoom

, AVERMECTINES
Ivermectine
Werking:
Breed spectrum nematocide tegen rondwormen
Zeer actief bij Rivier Blindheid & Lymphatische Filariase (elefantiase)

Mechanisme:
Bindt aan de glutamaat-gated-chloride kanalen -> chloride influx
-> hyperpolarisatie -> verlamming-> dood

TACROLIMUS
Werking:
immunosuppressiva bv na orgaan transplantaties
lokaal gebruikt bij eczeem

Mechanisme:
Inhibitie T cel activatie, gelijk aan ciclosporine A
Ook Sirolimus & Everolimus (betere orale BB)

POLYETHERS - mariene toxines
CIGUATOXINE
 dinoflagellaten produceren dit, opname door schaaldieren
 Diarree, neurologische storingen




DIELS ALDER CYCLISATIE PRODUCTEN
STATI N ES

Mechanisme:
Inhibitie van hydroxymethylglutaryl-coA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)
Omzetting tot mevalonaat is geblokkeerd hierdoor


Werking:
Verlaging van totaal en LDL-cholesteroI
Ook: simvastatine, pravastatine, atorvastatine
Rode Gist Rijst (RGR) : fermentatieproduct van monascus purpureus (schimmel)
RGR bevat statines (monacoline K) soms besmet met toxisch mycotoxine = citrinine

DICARBOXYLZUREN
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