NSG 6430 ACTUAL 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Body Image Concerns in EARLY ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 10-13) -
✔✔(1) preoccupation with self;
(2) uncertainty about appearance and attractiveness;
(3) frequent comparison of own body with those of other adolescents;
(4) increased interest in sexual anatomy and physiology, including anxieties and
questions regarding menstruation or nocturnal emissions, masturbation, and breast or
penis size.
✔✔Peer Group Involvement EARLY ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 10-13) -
✔✔(1) solitary friendships with a member of the same sex;
(2) strongly emotional, tender feelings toward peers, which may lead to homosexual
exploration, fears, and/or relationships;
(3) peer contact primarily with the same sex, with some contact with the opposite sex
made in groups of friends.
✔✔Identity Development in EARLY ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 10-13) -
✔✔(1) increased ability to reason abstractly,
(2) frequent daydreaming,
(3) setting of vocational goals,
(4) testing authority,
(5) a need for greater privacy,
(6) emergence of sexual feelings,
(7) development of the adolescent's own value system,
(8) lack of impulse control and need for immediate gratification, and
(9) tendency to magnify one's personal situation
✔✔Independence-Dependence Struggle in MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE
AGES 14-16) - ✔✔Conflicts become more prevalent as the adolescent exhibits less
interest in parents and devotes more time to peers.
✔✔Body Image Concerns MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 14-16) -
✔✔Most middle adolescents, having experienced most of their pubertal changes, are
less preoccupied with these changes. Eating disorders may become established during
this developmental phase.
✔✔Peer Group Involvement MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 14-16)
- ✔✔(1) intense involvement with the peer subculture;
(2) conformity with peer values, codes, and dress in an attempt to further separate from
family;
(3) increased involvement in partnering relations, manifest by dating activity, sexual
experimentation, and intercourse;
,(4) involvement with clubs, team sports, gangs, and other groups. Friends are the
primary source of influence on young people's behavior, but peer pressures are often
overstated. Adolescents' reactions to peer pressure are extremely varied, and peer
pressure can also involve a desire to excel in school, sports, or other positive activities.
✔✔Identity Development MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 14-16) -
✔✔(1) increased scope and openness of feelings,
(2) increased intellectual ability and creativity,
(3) less idealistic vocational aspirations, and
(4) a feeling of omnipotence and immortality, leading to risk-taking behavior
✔✔Body Image Concerns LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 17 TO 21) -
✔✔The late adolescent has completed pubertal growth and development and is
typically less concerned with this process unless an abnormality has occurred.
✔✔Peer Group Involvement LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 17 TO 21)
- ✔✔Peer group values become less important and more time is spent in a relationship
with one person. The selection of a partner is based more on mutual understanding and
enjoyment than on peer acceptance.
✔✔Identity Development LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 17 TO 21) -
✔✔(1) the development of a rational and realistic conscience; (2) the development of a
sense of perspective, with the abilities to delay, compromise, and set limits;
(3) the development of practical vocational goals and the beginning of financial
independence;
(4) further refinement of moral, religious, and sexual values.
✔✔Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS) Recommendations - ✔✔see
page 25 in Handbook for Adolescent Care
✔✔History
(p. 33) - ✔✔A comprehensive history is the most important aspect of the preventive
services evaluation. Essential domains include past medical history, family history,
psychosocial history, and an age-appropriate review of systems. Any current health
concerns should also be sought.
✔✔General Suggestions for Providing Adolescent Preventive Services. - ✔✔1. Create a
comfortable and conducive atmosphere for discussion, disclosure, and counseling by
ensuring privacy and minimizing interruptions.
2. Confidentiality is of paramount importance to teens; therefore, a foundation of
confidentiality should be established so that the teen feels comfortable with the provider
and trusts him or her enough to discuss sensitive subjects. Especially in discussing
sensitive issues, the examiner should be direct, empathetic, and nonjudgmental.
3. Most of the history should be obtained privately and directly from the teenager. Still, it
is valuable to obtain additional history from parents, both to corroborate the teen's
, history and to gather additional information. Collateral information from others (e.g.,
school personnel) may be very helpful in some circumstances.
4. Screening for health-risk behaviors and providing developmentally appropriate
guidance should be an integral and essential component of a preventive services visit.
5. There should be adequate time left at the end of the visit to summarize the session
and answer any questions that the adolescent may have.
6. The physical examination provides an excellent opportunity to discuss concerns that
the adolescent might have about a particular body region. It is especially important to
discuss growth and development with younger adolescents. Teaching and encouraging
breast or testicular self-examination can be done with older adolescents.
✔✔Questionnaires and Other Health Screening Tools - ✔✔The American Medical
Association's GAPS program has published a series of carefully constructed and
updated questionnaires for both adolescents and their parents; it is available at
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1981.html
✔✔Adolescent PMH - ✔✔(1) childhood infections and illnesses;
(2) prior hospitalizations and surgery;
(3) significant injuries;
(4) disabilities;
(5) medications, including prescription medications, over-the-counter medications,
complementary or alternative medications, vitamins, and nutritional supplements;
(6) allergies;
(7) immunization history;
(8) developmental history, including prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history as well as
history of problems with walking, talking, eating, learning, peer relations, and school
functioning; and
(9) mental health history, including a history of hospitalization, outpatient counseling,
medications, school interventions, and other treatment.
✔✔Adolescent family HX - ✔✔(1) age and health status of family members;
(2) significant medical illnesses in the family, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease,
tuberculosis, hypertension, and stroke;
(3) history of mental illness in the family, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders,
schizophrenia, and alcoholism; and
(4) vocational status of parents.
✔✔Adolescent physchosocial HX - ✔✔1. Home: Family configuration and family
members, living arrangements, relationships among the adolescent and family
members
2. Education/Employment: Academic or vocational success, future plans, and safety at
school or in the workplace
3. Eating: Brief nutrition history, risk factor for obesity, concerns about weight or body
image, disordered eating behaviors
4. Activities: Friendships with peers of the same and opposite sex, recreational
activities, dating activity and relationships, sexual activity
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Body Image Concerns in EARLY ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 10-13) -
✔✔(1) preoccupation with self;
(2) uncertainty about appearance and attractiveness;
(3) frequent comparison of own body with those of other adolescents;
(4) increased interest in sexual anatomy and physiology, including anxieties and
questions regarding menstruation or nocturnal emissions, masturbation, and breast or
penis size.
✔✔Peer Group Involvement EARLY ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 10-13) -
✔✔(1) solitary friendships with a member of the same sex;
(2) strongly emotional, tender feelings toward peers, which may lead to homosexual
exploration, fears, and/or relationships;
(3) peer contact primarily with the same sex, with some contact with the opposite sex
made in groups of friends.
✔✔Identity Development in EARLY ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 10-13) -
✔✔(1) increased ability to reason abstractly,
(2) frequent daydreaming,
(3) setting of vocational goals,
(4) testing authority,
(5) a need for greater privacy,
(6) emergence of sexual feelings,
(7) development of the adolescent's own value system,
(8) lack of impulse control and need for immediate gratification, and
(9) tendency to magnify one's personal situation
✔✔Independence-Dependence Struggle in MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE
AGES 14-16) - ✔✔Conflicts become more prevalent as the adolescent exhibits less
interest in parents and devotes more time to peers.
✔✔Body Image Concerns MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 14-16) -
✔✔Most middle adolescents, having experienced most of their pubertal changes, are
less preoccupied with these changes. Eating disorders may become established during
this developmental phase.
✔✔Peer Group Involvement MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 14-16)
- ✔✔(1) intense involvement with the peer subculture;
(2) conformity with peer values, codes, and dress in an attempt to further separate from
family;
(3) increased involvement in partnering relations, manifest by dating activity, sexual
experimentation, and intercourse;
,(4) involvement with clubs, team sports, gangs, and other groups. Friends are the
primary source of influence on young people's behavior, but peer pressures are often
overstated. Adolescents' reactions to peer pressure are extremely varied, and peer
pressure can also involve a desire to excel in school, sports, or other positive activities.
✔✔Identity Development MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 14-16) -
✔✔(1) increased scope and openness of feelings,
(2) increased intellectual ability and creativity,
(3) less idealistic vocational aspirations, and
(4) a feeling of omnipotence and immortality, leading to risk-taking behavior
✔✔Body Image Concerns LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 17 TO 21) -
✔✔The late adolescent has completed pubertal growth and development and is
typically less concerned with this process unless an abnormality has occurred.
✔✔Peer Group Involvement LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 17 TO 21)
- ✔✔Peer group values become less important and more time is spent in a relationship
with one person. The selection of a partner is based more on mutual understanding and
enjoyment than on peer acceptance.
✔✔Identity Development LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROXIMATE AGES 17 TO 21) -
✔✔(1) the development of a rational and realistic conscience; (2) the development of a
sense of perspective, with the abilities to delay, compromise, and set limits;
(3) the development of practical vocational goals and the beginning of financial
independence;
(4) further refinement of moral, religious, and sexual values.
✔✔Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS) Recommendations - ✔✔see
page 25 in Handbook for Adolescent Care
✔✔History
(p. 33) - ✔✔A comprehensive history is the most important aspect of the preventive
services evaluation. Essential domains include past medical history, family history,
psychosocial history, and an age-appropriate review of systems. Any current health
concerns should also be sought.
✔✔General Suggestions for Providing Adolescent Preventive Services. - ✔✔1. Create a
comfortable and conducive atmosphere for discussion, disclosure, and counseling by
ensuring privacy and minimizing interruptions.
2. Confidentiality is of paramount importance to teens; therefore, a foundation of
confidentiality should be established so that the teen feels comfortable with the provider
and trusts him or her enough to discuss sensitive subjects. Especially in discussing
sensitive issues, the examiner should be direct, empathetic, and nonjudgmental.
3. Most of the history should be obtained privately and directly from the teenager. Still, it
is valuable to obtain additional history from parents, both to corroborate the teen's
, history and to gather additional information. Collateral information from others (e.g.,
school personnel) may be very helpful in some circumstances.
4. Screening for health-risk behaviors and providing developmentally appropriate
guidance should be an integral and essential component of a preventive services visit.
5. There should be adequate time left at the end of the visit to summarize the session
and answer any questions that the adolescent may have.
6. The physical examination provides an excellent opportunity to discuss concerns that
the adolescent might have about a particular body region. It is especially important to
discuss growth and development with younger adolescents. Teaching and encouraging
breast or testicular self-examination can be done with older adolescents.
✔✔Questionnaires and Other Health Screening Tools - ✔✔The American Medical
Association's GAPS program has published a series of carefully constructed and
updated questionnaires for both adolescents and their parents; it is available at
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1981.html
✔✔Adolescent PMH - ✔✔(1) childhood infections and illnesses;
(2) prior hospitalizations and surgery;
(3) significant injuries;
(4) disabilities;
(5) medications, including prescription medications, over-the-counter medications,
complementary or alternative medications, vitamins, and nutritional supplements;
(6) allergies;
(7) immunization history;
(8) developmental history, including prenatal, perinatal, and infancy history as well as
history of problems with walking, talking, eating, learning, peer relations, and school
functioning; and
(9) mental health history, including a history of hospitalization, outpatient counseling,
medications, school interventions, and other treatment.
✔✔Adolescent family HX - ✔✔(1) age and health status of family members;
(2) significant medical illnesses in the family, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease,
tuberculosis, hypertension, and stroke;
(3) history of mental illness in the family, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders,
schizophrenia, and alcoholism; and
(4) vocational status of parents.
✔✔Adolescent physchosocial HX - ✔✔1. Home: Family configuration and family
members, living arrangements, relationships among the adolescent and family
members
2. Education/Employment: Academic or vocational success, future plans, and safety at
school or in the workplace
3. Eating: Brief nutrition history, risk factor for obesity, concerns about weight or body
image, disordered eating behaviors
4. Activities: Friendships with peers of the same and opposite sex, recreational
activities, dating activity and relationships, sexual activity
