NU 664 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
RATED A+
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5) -
✔✔Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years:
Depressed Mood
Poor appetite or overeating
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Low energy
Low self-esteem
Poor concentration
Feeling of hopelessness
✔✔Common Differentials of Persistent Depressive Disorder(Dysthymia) - ✔✔Major
Depressive Disorder
Psychotic disorders
Depressive or Bipolar related disorder due to another medical condition.
Substance/medication-induced depressive or bipolar disorder
Personality disorders
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) - ✔✔Affects 5.4 % of the U. S.
population age 18 or older or 10.9 million Americans. Increase risk for MDD 15% to
25% of people diagnosed with dysthymic disorder will have a life time of episode of
MDD. Women 2 to 3 times more than men will develop dysthymic disorder
✔✔Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder:
Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5): - ✔✔At least 5 symptoms must be present in the final week
before onset of menese. 1 or more of the following symptoms:
Mark affective liability
Anger
Marked depressed mood
Marked anxiety
Overwhelmed
Breast tenderness
✔✔Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Common Differentials - ✔✔Premenstrual
syndrome
Dysmenorrhea
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder
✔✔Substance/medication-Induced Depressive Disorder Diagnostic criteria: -
✔✔Prominent & persistent disturbance mood
History, physical examination, or laboratory findings
, Substance intoxication or withdrawal
Disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of delirium
Disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or
other important areas of functioning
✔✔Substance/medication-Induced Depressive Disorder Common Differentials -
✔✔Substance intoxication and withdrawal
Primary depressive disorder
Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
✔✔Cyclothymic Disorder Diagnostic criteria - ✔✔Chronic fluctuating mood disorder with
symptoms similar to but less severe than Bipolar Disorder
Numerous periods of hypomanic and dysthymic symptoms
✔✔Cyclothymic Disorder Common Differentials - ✔✔Similar to MDD and BP
BP disorder
Dysthymia
Substance Abuse
✔✔Cyclothymic disorder typically - ✔✔begins early in life with 15% to 50% of those
diagnosed developing BP
✔✔The mean age of onset for major depressive disorder is about - ✔✔40 years, with 50
percent of all patients having an onset between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Major
depressive disorder can also begin in childhood or in old age.
✔✔Recent epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of major depressive disorder
may be - ✔✔increasing among people younger than 20 years of age. This may be
related to the increased use of alcohol and drugs of abuse in this age group.
✔✔Until recently, the monoamine neurotransmitters— norepinephrine, dopamine,
serotonin, and histamine - ✔✔were the main focus of theories and research about the
etiology of these disorders.
✔✔A progressive shift has occurred from focusing on disturbances of single
neurotransmitter systems in favor of - ✔✔studying neurobehavioral systems, neural
circuits, and more intricate neuroregulatory mechanisms.
✔✔The monoaminergic systems - ✔✔are now viewed as broader, neuromodulatory
systems, and disturbances are as likely to be secondary or epiphenomenal effects as
they are directly or causally related to etiology and pathogenesis
✔✔Of the biogenic amines - ✔✔norepinephrine and serotonin are the two
neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
RATED A+
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5) -
✔✔Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years:
Depressed Mood
Poor appetite or overeating
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Low energy
Low self-esteem
Poor concentration
Feeling of hopelessness
✔✔Common Differentials of Persistent Depressive Disorder(Dysthymia) - ✔✔Major
Depressive Disorder
Psychotic disorders
Depressive or Bipolar related disorder due to another medical condition.
Substance/medication-induced depressive or bipolar disorder
Personality disorders
✔✔Persistent Depressive Disorder: (Dysthymia) - ✔✔Affects 5.4 % of the U. S.
population age 18 or older or 10.9 million Americans. Increase risk for MDD 15% to
25% of people diagnosed with dysthymic disorder will have a life time of episode of
MDD. Women 2 to 3 times more than men will develop dysthymic disorder
✔✔Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder:
Diagnostic criteria: (DSM-5): - ✔✔At least 5 symptoms must be present in the final week
before onset of menese. 1 or more of the following symptoms:
Mark affective liability
Anger
Marked depressed mood
Marked anxiety
Overwhelmed
Breast tenderness
✔✔Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Common Differentials - ✔✔Premenstrual
syndrome
Dysmenorrhea
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Persistent depressive disorder
✔✔Substance/medication-Induced Depressive Disorder Diagnostic criteria: -
✔✔Prominent & persistent disturbance mood
History, physical examination, or laboratory findings
, Substance intoxication or withdrawal
Disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of delirium
Disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or
other important areas of functioning
✔✔Substance/medication-Induced Depressive Disorder Common Differentials -
✔✔Substance intoxication and withdrawal
Primary depressive disorder
Depressive disorder due to another medical condition
✔✔Cyclothymic Disorder Diagnostic criteria - ✔✔Chronic fluctuating mood disorder with
symptoms similar to but less severe than Bipolar Disorder
Numerous periods of hypomanic and dysthymic symptoms
✔✔Cyclothymic Disorder Common Differentials - ✔✔Similar to MDD and BP
BP disorder
Dysthymia
Substance Abuse
✔✔Cyclothymic disorder typically - ✔✔begins early in life with 15% to 50% of those
diagnosed developing BP
✔✔The mean age of onset for major depressive disorder is about - ✔✔40 years, with 50
percent of all patients having an onset between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Major
depressive disorder can also begin in childhood or in old age.
✔✔Recent epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of major depressive disorder
may be - ✔✔increasing among people younger than 20 years of age. This may be
related to the increased use of alcohol and drugs of abuse in this age group.
✔✔Until recently, the monoamine neurotransmitters— norepinephrine, dopamine,
serotonin, and histamine - ✔✔were the main focus of theories and research about the
etiology of these disorders.
✔✔A progressive shift has occurred from focusing on disturbances of single
neurotransmitter systems in favor of - ✔✔studying neurobehavioral systems, neural
circuits, and more intricate neuroregulatory mechanisms.
✔✔The monoaminergic systems - ✔✔are now viewed as broader, neuromodulatory
systems, and disturbances are as likely to be secondary or epiphenomenal effects as
they are directly or causally related to etiology and pathogenesis
✔✔Of the biogenic amines - ✔✔norepinephrine and serotonin are the two
neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
