1|Page
Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231 BIOD 331 Final Exam &
module 1-10 exams All Versions Latest Update A grade
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
7) CBC ( hgb, hct, RBC, WBC, platelets) - CORRECT ANSWER 1)
1.000-1.030
2) 270-300
3) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2 35-45// Pa02 80-100
4) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL
5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5// Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-2
6) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.2
7) hgb 12-18// hct 37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-10,000// platelets
150,000-400,000
QUESTION :Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like
A) Fluid Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity 1.001
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7 - CORRECT ANSWER 1) A
2026 2027 GRADED A+
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2) B
3) A
QUESTION :The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a
patient with acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings
should prompt the nurse to hold the medication and consult the healthcare
provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
d) Blood pressure 125/78 - CORRECT ANSWER b) Serum potassium
5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
QUESTION :The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock
following an extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice
for this patient in the emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline - CORRECT ANSWER a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in patients
with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is also isotonic.
QUESTION :The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses
to the therapy. Which of the following would indicate a possible
complication of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,3|Page
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
c) Forceful cough periodically
d) Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields. -
CORRECT ANSWER b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
*This may indicate a pneumothorax--a complication caused by barotrauma.
QUESTION :The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a
client receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently.
What is the nurse's first action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal
tube cuff. - CORRECT ANSWER a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
QUESTION :Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid
resuscitation therapy for the patient with hypertonic dehydration has
acheived the desired effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
d) Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95% - CORRECT
ANSWER c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
QUESTION :Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to
administer to a patient with isotonic dehydration?
a) 0.45% saline
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 4|Page
b) Dextrose 5% in water
c) Dextrose 10% in water
d) 0.9% saline - CORRECT ANSWER d) 0.9% saline
QUESTION :A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous
infusion in the immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving
a diuretic. What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient? (select
all that apply)
a)Angina
b)Hypotension
c)Dysrhythmias
d)Oliguria
e)Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER a)Angina
c)Dysrhythmias
e)Tachycardia
*Is a beta1 aderenergic agonist; general anesthetics can increase the
likelihood of dysrhythmias. Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO.
Diuretics complement the beneficial effects of dobutamine on the kidney,
so urine output would be increased, not decreased.
QUESTION :A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous
normal saline infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an
indicator that the therapeutic goal has been met?
a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours
b) Arterial blood pressure is 90/42
c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hg
2026 2027 GRADED A+
Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231 BIOD 331 Final Exam &
module 1-10 exams All Versions Latest Update A grade
What are the normal's for the following labs
1) Urine Specific Gravity
2) Serum Osmolality
3) ABG (pH, HCO3, PaCO2, PaO2)
4) troponin I
5) electrolyte panel( Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+)
6) BUN & Creatinine
7) CBC ( hgb, hct, RBC, WBC, platelets) - CORRECT ANSWER 1)
1.000-1.030
2) 270-300
3) pH 7.35-7.45// HC03 22-26// PaCO2 35-45// Pa02 80-100
4) troponin I <0.03 ng/mL
5) Na+ 135-145//K+ 3.5-5// Ca+ 9-10.5//Mg+ 1.2-2
6) BUN 10-20//Creat 0.5-1.2
7) hgb 12-18// hct 37-52%// rbc 4.2-6.1// wbc 5,000-10,000// platelets
150,000-400,000
QUESTION :Match the lab profile with the most likely fluid imbalance like
A) Fluid Volume Deficit 2) Fluid Volume Excess
1) ____Na 148; Hct 40% yesterday, 49% today; serum osmolarity 308
2) ____Hgb 13.2 yesterday, 10.1 today; Urine specific gravity 1.001
3) ____BUN 45; Cr 0.7 - CORRECT ANSWER 1) A
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,2|Page
2) B
3) A
QUESTION :The nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril (Zestril) to a
patient with acute coronary syndrome. Which of the following findings
should prompt the nurse to hold the medication and consult the healthcare
provider?
a) Serum sodium level 134
b) Serum potassium 5.6
c) Heart rate 58
d) Blood pressure 125/78 - CORRECT ANSWER b) Serum potassium
5.6
*ACE inhibitors can cause/exacerbate hyperkalemia.
QUESTION :The nurse is caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock
following an extensive burn injury. What is the intravenous fluid of choice
for this patient in the emergent phase of treatment?
a) Lactated Ringers
b) 0.45 NS with 20 mEq potassium chloride
c) Fresh Frozen Plasma
d) 5% Dextrose in saline - CORRECT ANSWER a) Lactated Ringers
*Isotonic solutions (crystalloids) are used to restore fluid volume in patients
with shock. Lactated Ringers is isotonic. Normal saline is also isotonic.
QUESTION :The client on a ventilator is assessed for untoward responses
to the therapy. Which of the following would indicate a possible
complication of ventilator therapy?
a) Blood pressure has increased 5mmHg in the last 24 hours
2026 2027 GRADED A+
,3|Page
b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
c) Forceful cough periodically
d) Broncho-vesicular breath sounds throughout peripheral lung fields. -
CORRECT ANSWER b) Lung sounds absent on one side.
*This may indicate a pneumothorax--a complication caused by barotrauma.
QUESTION :The pressure reading during inspiration on the ventilator of a
client receiving mechanical ventilation is high and alarming intermittently.
What is the nurse's first action?
a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
b) Call the RT to check the ventilator settings.
c) Listen for bilateral lung sounds.
d) Determine whether an air leak is present in the client's endotracheal
tube cuff. - CORRECT ANSWER a) Assess the client's oxygenation.
QUESTION :Which assessment finding best indicates that fluid
resuscitation therapy for the patient with hypertonic dehydration has
acheived the desired effect?
a) Peripheral pulses changed from 1+ to 3+
b) Neck veins slightly distended @ 30 degrees
c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
d) Pulse oximetry shows oxygen saturation of 95% - CORRECT
ANSWER c) Serum sodium level has changed from 151 to 143.
QUESTION :Which intravenous solution should you be prepared to
administer to a patient with isotonic dehydration?
a) 0.45% saline
2026 2027 GRADED A+
, 4|Page
b) Dextrose 5% in water
c) Dextrose 10% in water
d) 0.9% saline - CORRECT ANSWER d) 0.9% saline
QUESTION :A patient is receiving dobutamine [Dobutrex] as a continuous
infusion in the immediate postoperative period. The patient also is receiving
a diuretic. What adverse drug reactions are possible in this patient? (select
all that apply)
a)Angina
b)Hypotension
c)Dysrhythmias
d)Oliguria
e)Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER a)Angina
c)Dysrhythmias
e)Tachycardia
*Is a beta1 aderenergic agonist; general anesthetics can increase the
likelihood of dysrhythmias. Dobutamine elevates BP by increasing CO.
Diuretics complement the beneficial effects of dobutamine on the kidney,
so urine output would be increased, not decreased.
QUESTION :A patient who has severe sepsis is receiving an intravenous
normal saline infusion. She weighs 78 kgs. Which of the following is an
indicator that the therapeutic goal has been met?
a) 250 mL of urine in the past 6 hours
b) Arterial blood pressure is 90/42
c) Central Venous Pressure is 2 mm Hg
2026 2027 GRADED A+
