FRESENIUS PCT COMPREHENSIVE EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What causes muscle cramps during dialysis? - ✔✔Large amounts of fluid removal
Rapid sodium and / potassium changes in the muscle fibers Vasoconstriction/Cramping
may occur at any time during treatment; most frequently observed mid to late in the
treatment. Cramping can occur in any muscle and is most frequently found in the
extremities
✔✔How is cramping treated? - ✔✔Pressure against cramping muscle. DO NOT
MASSAGE
✔✔Which additional check is performed weekly and before the first treatment after
disinfection? - ✔✔Residual bleach
✔✔Normal Temp Range for dialysate? - ✔✔35.5-39 'c
✔✔Normal PH range for dialysate? - ✔✔6.9-7.6
✔✔Normal conductivity range for dialysate? - ✔✔12.6-15.9
✔✔List three blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit. - ✔✔Hepatitis
B, Hepatitis C and HIV
✔✔What is an adverse event? - ✔✔This is a patient event reporting system. Any time
there is a failure to follow established clinical procedure or a treatment prescription or
when a serious or unexpected equipment event occurs at an outpatient, in-patient or
home program, an adverse event occurs.
✔✔What is a serious adverse event? - ✔✔An event that causes serious patient injury,
hospitalization or death.
✔✔Diffussion - ✔✔Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area
of lower concentration.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔Movement of fluid from a lower concentration to a higher
concentration
✔✔Ultrafiltration - ✔✔The use of pressure across a semi permeable membrane
✔✔What are two things that change with PT's prescription? - ✔✔Calcium and
Potassium
✔✔hemolysis - ✔✔the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.
, ✔✔Hypotonic solution causes RBC's to do what? - ✔✔Swell
✔✔Hypertonic solution causes RBC's to do what? - ✔✔Shrink
✔✔Elements that affect the clearance? - ✔✔Dialyzer, Tx time, Needle size, BFR,
Heparin, temperature, DFR
✔✔Formula to determine available weight? - ✔✔Pre-weight - EDW
✔✔Formula to determine fluid gain? - ✔✔Pre wt - Last post wt
✔✔Formula to determine target wt? - ✔✔Available wt + rinse back
✔✔What's TCD? - ✔✔Theoretical conductivity (what the conductivity suppose to be +-5)
✔✔What does Kecn stand for? - ✔✔Clearance affected by conductivity of NA+
✔✔What should you do if a air embolism occur? - ✔✔Clamp venous line
Off with the blood pump
Left side
Trendelenburg
✔✔Steps when taking a post BUN at the end of tx? - ✔✔1.) Turn off UF & DFR
2.)Turn blood pump speed down to 100
3.) Wait 15 sec
4.) Stop the blood pump
5.)Clamp venous and arterial line
6.) Wipe the arterial port
✔✔Which needle should you pull first for treatment termination? - ✔✔Arterial
✔✔How full should the arterial chamber ? - ✔✔85-95%
✔✔How full should the venous chamber ? - ✔✔65-75%
✔✔Use of a diasafe filter allows the production of? - ✔✔ultrapure dialysate
✔✔The most likely cause of contamination of the extracorporeal circuit are
____________________ in the prime bucket with _________________ end caps. -
✔✔bloodlines, open caps
✔✔How often should staff clean the dialysis machine with acid? - ✔✔daily
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What causes muscle cramps during dialysis? - ✔✔Large amounts of fluid removal
Rapid sodium and / potassium changes in the muscle fibers Vasoconstriction/Cramping
may occur at any time during treatment; most frequently observed mid to late in the
treatment. Cramping can occur in any muscle and is most frequently found in the
extremities
✔✔How is cramping treated? - ✔✔Pressure against cramping muscle. DO NOT
MASSAGE
✔✔Which additional check is performed weekly and before the first treatment after
disinfection? - ✔✔Residual bleach
✔✔Normal Temp Range for dialysate? - ✔✔35.5-39 'c
✔✔Normal PH range for dialysate? - ✔✔6.9-7.6
✔✔Normal conductivity range for dialysate? - ✔✔12.6-15.9
✔✔List three blood borne pathogens that may be found in a dialysis unit. - ✔✔Hepatitis
B, Hepatitis C and HIV
✔✔What is an adverse event? - ✔✔This is a patient event reporting system. Any time
there is a failure to follow established clinical procedure or a treatment prescription or
when a serious or unexpected equipment event occurs at an outpatient, in-patient or
home program, an adverse event occurs.
✔✔What is a serious adverse event? - ✔✔An event that causes serious patient injury,
hospitalization or death.
✔✔Diffussion - ✔✔Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area
of lower concentration.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔Movement of fluid from a lower concentration to a higher
concentration
✔✔Ultrafiltration - ✔✔The use of pressure across a semi permeable membrane
✔✔What are two things that change with PT's prescription? - ✔✔Calcium and
Potassium
✔✔hemolysis - ✔✔the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.
, ✔✔Hypotonic solution causes RBC's to do what? - ✔✔Swell
✔✔Hypertonic solution causes RBC's to do what? - ✔✔Shrink
✔✔Elements that affect the clearance? - ✔✔Dialyzer, Tx time, Needle size, BFR,
Heparin, temperature, DFR
✔✔Formula to determine available weight? - ✔✔Pre-weight - EDW
✔✔Formula to determine fluid gain? - ✔✔Pre wt - Last post wt
✔✔Formula to determine target wt? - ✔✔Available wt + rinse back
✔✔What's TCD? - ✔✔Theoretical conductivity (what the conductivity suppose to be +-5)
✔✔What does Kecn stand for? - ✔✔Clearance affected by conductivity of NA+
✔✔What should you do if a air embolism occur? - ✔✔Clamp venous line
Off with the blood pump
Left side
Trendelenburg
✔✔Steps when taking a post BUN at the end of tx? - ✔✔1.) Turn off UF & DFR
2.)Turn blood pump speed down to 100
3.) Wait 15 sec
4.) Stop the blood pump
5.)Clamp venous and arterial line
6.) Wipe the arterial port
✔✔Which needle should you pull first for treatment termination? - ✔✔Arterial
✔✔How full should the arterial chamber ? - ✔✔85-95%
✔✔How full should the venous chamber ? - ✔✔65-75%
✔✔Use of a diasafe filter allows the production of? - ✔✔ultrapure dialysate
✔✔The most likely cause of contamination of the extracorporeal circuit are
____________________ in the prime bucket with _________________ end caps. -
✔✔bloodlines, open caps
✔✔How often should staff clean the dialysis machine with acid? - ✔✔daily
