BIOTECHNOLOGY 2026 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔_______ animals contain an inserted and functional gene from another source. -
✔✔transgenic
✔✔_____ animals have been genetically engineered so that a specific gene is disrupted
and rendered nonfunctional - ✔✔knockout
✔✔Which of the following techniques has been used to clone sheep, cats, cows, and
several other types of mammals? - ✔✔somatic cell nuclear transfer
✔✔A limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is that_____ - ✔✔retroviruses
integrate DNA randomly in the genome
✔✔In what phase of clinical trials are animals used? - ✔✔Preclinical testing
✔✔What is the purpose of using animals in clinical trials? - ✔✔Both A and B
a) to test the safety of a compound
b) to assess the biological activity of a compound
✔✔Embryo twinning refers to _________ - ✔✔a cloning step that involves splitting
embryos in half
✔✔Which of the following transgenic techniques requires no vector to be used? -
✔✔pronuclear injection method
✔✔Which of the following transgenic techniques requires linker proteins? - ✔✔sperm-
mediated method
✔✔Which of the following transgenic techniques requires ES cells to be collected from
the inner blastocyst? - ✔✔embryonic stem cell method
✔✔Homologous recombination_______ - ✔✔occurs when creating a knockout animal
✔✔In a gene knock-in experiment, _______ - ✔✔the animal gene of interest is replaced
with the human counterpart gene
✔✔One of the most common organisms used to produce knockouts is ______ -
✔✔mice
✔✔Monoclonal antibodies _________ - ✔✔are highly specific to a particular antigen
, ✔✔Which scientist is credited with the first example of using DNA fingerprinting
evidence to solve a crime? - ✔✔Alex Jefferies
✔✔The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene's _________ - ✔✔locus
✔✔_______ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short tandem
repeats - ✔✔microsatellites
✔✔Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different individuals
are called ______ - ✔✔RFLPs
✔✔Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to seperate DNA
molecules by size? - ✔✔gel electrophoresis
✔✔The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ______ - ✔✔to exonerate
convicted individuals
✔✔DNA is presented in all of the following human cell types except_____ -
✔✔erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
✔✔Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other DNA
molecules are called _______ - ✔✔probes
✔✔VNTR analysis involves______ - ✔✔cutting DNA with restriction enzyme and
analyzing the banding pattern of fragments
✔✔Which of the following cell types would not be suitable for DNA fingerprinting? -
✔✔erythrocytes (red blood cells)
✔✔The DNA profiling database maintained by the FBI is called _______ - ✔✔CODIS
✔✔The source of most mitochondrial DNA an organism inherits is _____ - ✔✔the
cytoplasm of the sperm
✔✔Which technique uses the least amount of sample needed for forensic analysis? -
✔✔PCR
✔✔A repeated sequence, which, for example, can be 10 copies of the sequence TTA, is
called a _______ - ✔✔STR
✔✔One of the biggest problems with using DNA forensic analyses to solve crimes is
_____ - ✔✔sample contamination
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔_______ animals contain an inserted and functional gene from another source. -
✔✔transgenic
✔✔_____ animals have been genetically engineered so that a specific gene is disrupted
and rendered nonfunctional - ✔✔knockout
✔✔Which of the following techniques has been used to clone sheep, cats, cows, and
several other types of mammals? - ✔✔somatic cell nuclear transfer
✔✔A limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is that_____ - ✔✔retroviruses
integrate DNA randomly in the genome
✔✔In what phase of clinical trials are animals used? - ✔✔Preclinical testing
✔✔What is the purpose of using animals in clinical trials? - ✔✔Both A and B
a) to test the safety of a compound
b) to assess the biological activity of a compound
✔✔Embryo twinning refers to _________ - ✔✔a cloning step that involves splitting
embryos in half
✔✔Which of the following transgenic techniques requires no vector to be used? -
✔✔pronuclear injection method
✔✔Which of the following transgenic techniques requires linker proteins? - ✔✔sperm-
mediated method
✔✔Which of the following transgenic techniques requires ES cells to be collected from
the inner blastocyst? - ✔✔embryonic stem cell method
✔✔Homologous recombination_______ - ✔✔occurs when creating a knockout animal
✔✔In a gene knock-in experiment, _______ - ✔✔the animal gene of interest is replaced
with the human counterpart gene
✔✔One of the most common organisms used to produce knockouts is ______ -
✔✔mice
✔✔Monoclonal antibodies _________ - ✔✔are highly specific to a particular antigen
, ✔✔Which scientist is credited with the first example of using DNA fingerprinting
evidence to solve a crime? - ✔✔Alex Jefferies
✔✔The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene's _________ - ✔✔locus
✔✔_______ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short tandem
repeats - ✔✔microsatellites
✔✔Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different individuals
are called ______ - ✔✔RFLPs
✔✔Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to seperate DNA
molecules by size? - ✔✔gel electrophoresis
✔✔The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ______ - ✔✔to exonerate
convicted individuals
✔✔DNA is presented in all of the following human cell types except_____ -
✔✔erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
✔✔Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other DNA
molecules are called _______ - ✔✔probes
✔✔VNTR analysis involves______ - ✔✔cutting DNA with restriction enzyme and
analyzing the banding pattern of fragments
✔✔Which of the following cell types would not be suitable for DNA fingerprinting? -
✔✔erythrocytes (red blood cells)
✔✔The DNA profiling database maintained by the FBI is called _______ - ✔✔CODIS
✔✔The source of most mitochondrial DNA an organism inherits is _____ - ✔✔the
cytoplasm of the sperm
✔✔Which technique uses the least amount of sample needed for forensic analysis? -
✔✔PCR
✔✔A repeated sequence, which, for example, can be 10 copies of the sequence TTA, is
called a _______ - ✔✔STR
✔✔One of the biggest problems with using DNA forensic analyses to solve crimes is
_____ - ✔✔sample contamination
