PORTAGE LEARNING STATISTICS CNSL 503 MODULE 5 EXAM THE TTEST FINAL EXAM ACCURATE

Pathophysiology of
Disease Test Bank (8th Ed)
| Hammer & McPhee |
Case-Based Clinical




📘 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE –
HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE (8th Ed.)
This guide covers major systems and disease mechanisms you’re tested on.




� 1. Cellular Injury & Adaptation
Key Concepts

,  Hypoxia vs Ischemia — oxygen deprivation vs reduced blood flow.
 Reversible vs Irreversible Injury
o Reversible: cell swelling, fatty change.
o Irreversible: membrane damage, nuclear pyknosis/karyorrhexis/karyolysis.
 Adaptive changes
o Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia.
 Programmed cell death
o Apoptosis vs necrosis.




❤� 2. Inflammation & Repair
Acute Inflammation

 Cardinal signs: redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function.
 Key cells: neutrophils, macrophages.
 Mediators: histamine, prostaglandins, cytokines.

Chronic Inflammation

 Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages.
 Granuloma formation (e.g., TB).

Tissue Repair

 Regeneration vs scar formation.
 Role of fibroblasts, collagen.




� 3. Immunopathology
Hypersensitivity Reactions

 Type I: IgE mediated (allergies, anaphylaxis)
 Type II: cytotoxic (autoimmune hemolytic anemia)
 Type III: immune complex (SLE)
 Type IV: T-cell mediated (TB skin test)

Autoimmunity & Immunodeficiency

 Autoimmune disease examples.
 Primary vs secondary immunodeficiency.




� 4. Cardiovascular Pathophysiology