WGU Biochemistry C785 –
Module 1 Complete Study
Guide 2025!!!
Central dogma of molecular biology -answer ✔---DNA -> RNA -> Protein
a portion of the DNA, a gene, is transcribed to produce a complementary strand of RNA; then the RNA is
translated into protein .
-The understanding that DNA is used to make RNA and RNA is used to make protein
Polymer -answer ✔---A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked
together.
ex nucleic acids (dna rna)
Nucleotides
KEY CONCEPTS -answer ✔----Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.
,-DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, whereas RNA contains
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil ribonucleotides.
-DNA is double-stranded and forms a double helix structure that allows for information storage.
Prior to dividing , a cell copies all of its DNA using -DNA replication to ensure all new cells have the DNA
they need.
-DNA Replication involves the formation of a replication fork, addition of RNA primers to create a
"handle" for DNA polymerase, synthesis of the new DNA strand by DNA polymerase, and sealing the
DNA backbone by DNA ligase.
-RNA is single-stranded and is grouped into three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA
(rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). All three types of RNA play an important role in the central dogma.
two types of nucleic acids -answer ✔---deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA and RNA are -answer ✔---nucleic acids and polymers, which means they are made up of many
smaller units (monomers) connected together, much like a string of pearls.
The monomers of nucleic acids are known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide includes a nitrogen-
containing base, a five-carbon sugar or pentose (pente means "five" in Greek), and one or more
phosphates.
The monomers of nucleic acids(DNA and RNA) are known as -answer ✔---nucleotides =
cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine (DNA)
(RNA)
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil
DNA -answer ✔----nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of DNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, thymine
, RNA -answer ✔----nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, ribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of RNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, uracil
single stranded
The DNA the double helix is made up of -answer ✔---a two strand which isantiparallel, which means
they have opposite 5' and 3' orientations, similar to a two-way street in which traffic is oriented in
opposite directions.
DNA replication -answer ✔---is semi conservated
DNA replication steps -answer ✔----First, the DNA must be separated. This creates a replication
"fork" where the two original strands separate.
-Next, the new DNA is synthesized by a protein known as DNA polymerase (its name comes from its
function - it makes a polymer of DNA nucleotides).
-DNA polymerase takes individual nucleotides and matches them up to the parental sequence to ensure
they are a correct pair. If the pairing is correct, DNA polymerase bonds the nucleotide to the growing
strand of DNA.
-uses RNA primers. The addition of a primer to the single-stranded DNA creates a double-stranded
nucleic acid "handle" to which DNA polymerase can attach and start making DNA
-RNA primers (to allow DNA polymerase to bind), new strand synthesis by DNA polymerase, RNA primer
removal by RNAase H, and sealing of the backbone "nicks" by DNA ligase.
DNA polymerase has one problem - it can't start a new DNA strand because it only binds to double-
stranded nucleic acids. How does the cell get around this? -answer ✔---uses RNA primers. The
Module 1 Complete Study
Guide 2025!!!
Central dogma of molecular biology -answer ✔---DNA -> RNA -> Protein
a portion of the DNA, a gene, is transcribed to produce a complementary strand of RNA; then the RNA is
translated into protein .
-The understanding that DNA is used to make RNA and RNA is used to make protein
Polymer -answer ✔---A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked
together.
ex nucleic acids (dna rna)
Nucleotides
KEY CONCEPTS -answer ✔----Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.
,-DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, whereas RNA contains
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil ribonucleotides.
-DNA is double-stranded and forms a double helix structure that allows for information storage.
Prior to dividing , a cell copies all of its DNA using -DNA replication to ensure all new cells have the DNA
they need.
-DNA Replication involves the formation of a replication fork, addition of RNA primers to create a
"handle" for DNA polymerase, synthesis of the new DNA strand by DNA polymerase, and sealing the
DNA backbone by DNA ligase.
-RNA is single-stranded and is grouped into three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA
(rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). All three types of RNA play an important role in the central dogma.
two types of nucleic acids -answer ✔---deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
DNA and RNA are -answer ✔---nucleic acids and polymers, which means they are made up of many
smaller units (monomers) connected together, much like a string of pearls.
The monomers of nucleic acids are known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide includes a nitrogen-
containing base, a five-carbon sugar or pentose (pente means "five" in Greek), and one or more
phosphates.
The monomers of nucleic acids(DNA and RNA) are known as -answer ✔---nucleotides =
cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine (DNA)
(RNA)
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil
DNA -answer ✔----nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, deoxyribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of DNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, thymine
, RNA -answer ✔----nucleic acid
-polymer
-made up of phosphate, ribose sugar and purine base
-purine base of RNA= adenine,guanine, cytosine, uracil
single stranded
The DNA the double helix is made up of -answer ✔---a two strand which isantiparallel, which means
they have opposite 5' and 3' orientations, similar to a two-way street in which traffic is oriented in
opposite directions.
DNA replication -answer ✔---is semi conservated
DNA replication steps -answer ✔----First, the DNA must be separated. This creates a replication
"fork" where the two original strands separate.
-Next, the new DNA is synthesized by a protein known as DNA polymerase (its name comes from its
function - it makes a polymer of DNA nucleotides).
-DNA polymerase takes individual nucleotides and matches them up to the parental sequence to ensure
they are a correct pair. If the pairing is correct, DNA polymerase bonds the nucleotide to the growing
strand of DNA.
-uses RNA primers. The addition of a primer to the single-stranded DNA creates a double-stranded
nucleic acid "handle" to which DNA polymerase can attach and start making DNA
-RNA primers (to allow DNA polymerase to bind), new strand synthesis by DNA polymerase, RNA primer
removal by RNAase H, and sealing of the backbone "nicks" by DNA ligase.
DNA polymerase has one problem - it can't start a new DNA strand because it only binds to double-
stranded nucleic acids. How does the cell get around this? -answer ✔---uses RNA primers. The
