BIO 121
Human biological science
,Week 1: introduction
, 19/02/25.
' 1.1 Levels of organisation ↑
Cooperative hierarchy
4
Atoms=smallest chemical unit of matter
. Molecules= group of atoms working together. Cellular level
Terminology → ~ 37.2 x 10^12 cells .
→ ~ 50 billion fat cells
→~ 2 billion heart muscle cells
ELEMENTS -
Symbols = C, k etc → vary in health and disease
Ions and electrolytes (eg Na + k+ Cells in the body= nerve and ' epithelial
MACROMOLECULES FUNCTIONS
• Proteins
• structure
• Carbohydrates • Storage
• Lipids • Messengers
• Nucleic acids • Control
Tissue level
→ groups of similar cells working together
1.) epithelial tissue = covers the body surfaces, lines hollow Organ level
organs and cavities and forms glands. 4
2.) connective tissue = supports and protects body organs → made up of
different tissues while distributing blood vessels to other tissues
→ functions
3.) muscular tissue = connects to make body parts and Supported by
tissues generate heat and allows sliding so muscles can move →
Multi-tasking
, Eg:
4.)the body to another, lots of axons to transmit impulse nervous tissue = carries information from ore part of
Human biological science
,Week 1: introduction
, 19/02/25.
' 1.1 Levels of organisation ↑
Cooperative hierarchy
4
Atoms=smallest chemical unit of matter
. Molecules= group of atoms working together. Cellular level
Terminology → ~ 37.2 x 10^12 cells .
→ ~ 50 billion fat cells
→~ 2 billion heart muscle cells
ELEMENTS -
Symbols = C, k etc → vary in health and disease
Ions and electrolytes (eg Na + k+ Cells in the body= nerve and ' epithelial
MACROMOLECULES FUNCTIONS
• Proteins
• structure
• Carbohydrates • Storage
• Lipids • Messengers
• Nucleic acids • Control
Tissue level
→ groups of similar cells working together
1.) epithelial tissue = covers the body surfaces, lines hollow Organ level
organs and cavities and forms glands. 4
2.) connective tissue = supports and protects body organs → made up of
different tissues while distributing blood vessels to other tissues
→ functions
3.) muscular tissue = connects to make body parts and Supported by
tissues generate heat and allows sliding so muscles can move →
Multi-tasking
, Eg:
4.)the body to another, lots of axons to transmit impulse nervous tissue = carries information from ore part of
