N5334 Final Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
Prescribing |basics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prescribing |is |regulated |by |state |BON
Proper |RX |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Providers |name |and |address, |Telephone
DEA
Pt |name/DOB/Addres
Name |of |Drug, |strength, |SIG(directions) |with |indication/Route |and |frequency, |Quantity |and |
signature.
Drug |Schedules: |Most |addictive |to |least |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1: |Heroin,LSD, |MJ
2: |hydrocodone, |cocaine, |Methamphetamine, |methadone, |oxycodone, |meperidine, |fentanyl, |
adderall, |ritalin
3: |codeine, |ketamine, |testosterone
4: |xanax, |valium, |soma, |ambient, |tramadol
5: |antidiarrheal, |antitussives, |lomotil, |lyrica
Pharmicodyamics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |effects |of |drug |on |the |body. |Receptors |are |
large |molecules |usually |proteins, |that |interact |and |mediate |the |action |of |drugs
agonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-produce |receptor |stimulation |and |a |conformational |change |
every |time |they |bind. |Do |not |need |all |available |receptors |to |produce |a |maximum |response
,Partial |agonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-drugs |that |have |properties |in |b/w |those |of |full |agonist |
and |antagonist. |They |bind |to |receptors |but |when |they |occupy |the |receptor |sites, |they |
stimulate |only |some |of |the |receptors.
antagonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-drugs |with |affinity |for |a |receptor |but |with |no |intrinsic |
activity. |Affinity |allows |the |antagonist |to |bind |to |receptors, |but |lack |of |intrinsic |activity |
prevents |the |bound |antagonist |from |causing |receptor |activation. |The |block |action |of |drugs |(ex.
|Narcan)
Bioavailabity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-% |of |administered |dosage |of |the |drug |that |survives |the |
first |pass |through |the |liver |and |reaches |the |blood |stream
half |life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Time |required |for |the |amount |of |a |drug |in |the |body |to |
decline |by |50%, |drugs |with |shorter |half |lives |must |be |administer |frequently. |4.5-5.5 |times |the |
half |life |to |get |steady |state |and |to |be |limited |from |the |body
what |the |body |does |to |the |drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-absorption, |distribution, |metabolism,
|excretion
Distribution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-movement |of |absorbed |drug |in |bodily |fluids |throughout |
the |body |to |target |tissue. |Properties |affecting: |lipid/water |solubility, |PH |affects |ionization |of |
drug, |protein |binding, |size |of |molecule |(smaller |molecules |are |more |able |to |diffuse)
Tissue: |fat, |bone, |blood/brain |barrier |(only |lipid |soluble |will |pass), |placental |barrier |(many |
drugs |can |pass)
Protein |binding |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unbound |drug |is |free |which |is |active, |crosses |
membrane. |Low |plasma |proteins |result |in |more |free |drug. |Competition: |when |2 |highly |bound |
drugs |are |given |it |increases |the |level |of |both |drugs
,Metabolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-take |place |in |the |liver |mostly. |Chemical |change |of |a |drug |
structure |to: |
Enhance |excretion, |inactivate |the |drug, |increase |therapeutic |action, |active |a |prodrug |(inactive |
until |metabolized |in |the |body |into |the |active |compound, |ex: |levodopa), |increase |or |decrease |
toxicity
CYP450 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-enzymes |constitutes |the |most |important |of |the |phase |I |
metabolizing |enzymes |(account |for |about |75% |of |drug |metabolism |in |the |liver)
Phase |2: |conjugation |reaction |occur |leading |to |large |increases |in |hydrophilicity |of |the |
substrates |rendering |them |more |readily |excretable
Substrate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |agent |that |is |metabolized |by |an |enzyme |into |a |
metabolite |and |product |and |eventually |excreted
Inhibitors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-compete |with |other |drugs |for |a |particular |enzyme |affecting
|the |metabolism |(decreased) |of |the |substrate |and |decreases |the |excretion |of |the |substrate |and
|increasing |the |circulating |drug
inducer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-competes |with |other |drugs |for |a |particular |enzyme |affecting |
metabolism |of |the |substrate |(increases) |decreasing |the |efficacy |of |the |drug
excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-renal: |passive |glomerular |filtration, |active |tubular |secretion,
|tubular |reabsorption, |gi |tract, |lung, |sweat |and |salivary, |mammary
genomics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |the |complete |set |of |genetic |information |present |in
|a |cell, |an |organism, |or |species
pharmacogenetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |study |of |the |influence |of |hereditary |factors |on |
the |response |of |individual |organisms |to |drugs, |and |the |study |of |variations |of |DNA |and |RNA |
characteristics |as |related |to |drug |response
, Pharmacogenetics |tests |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Mentioned |on |drug |labels |can |be |classified |as
|"test |required," |"test |recommended," |and |"information |only." |Currently, |four |drugs |are |
required |to |have |pharmacogenetics |testing |performed |before |they |are |prescribed: |cetuximab, |
trastuzumab, |maraviroc |and |dasatinib
wafarin, |carbamazepine, |valproic |acid |and |abacavir |are |recommended |to |tests |prior |to |initial |
dosing
Carbamazepine |and |Asisans |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Initiating |carbamazepine |therapy |in |these
|patients |(allele |HLA-B*1502) |are |at |high |risk |for |developing |Steven |Johnson |syndrome |or |toxic
|epidermal |necrolysis |(TEN)
The |ability |of |the |anesthetic |to |penetrate |the |axon |membrane |is |determined |by |3 |properties. |
What |are |they? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Molecular |size, |Lipid |solubility, |degree |of |ionization |at
|tissue |pH
Why |is |epinephrine |given |with |local |anesthetics? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Decreases |local |
blood |flow |(decreased |risk |of |bleeding)
Delays |systemic |absorption |of |the |anesthetic
prolongs |anesthesia
reduces |the |risk |of |toxicity
What |is |the |most |widely |used |local |anesthetic? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lidocaine
What |is |a |possible |fatal |reaction |to |benzocaine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Methemoglobinemia
What |is |included |in |application |guidelines |for |topical |anesthetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
avoid |wrapping |the |site |and |heating |the |site, |avoid |application |to |open |skin
Answers
Prescribing |basics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prescribing |is |regulated |by |state |BON
Proper |RX |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Providers |name |and |address, |Telephone
DEA
Pt |name/DOB/Addres
Name |of |Drug, |strength, |SIG(directions) |with |indication/Route |and |frequency, |Quantity |and |
signature.
Drug |Schedules: |Most |addictive |to |least |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1: |Heroin,LSD, |MJ
2: |hydrocodone, |cocaine, |Methamphetamine, |methadone, |oxycodone, |meperidine, |fentanyl, |
adderall, |ritalin
3: |codeine, |ketamine, |testosterone
4: |xanax, |valium, |soma, |ambient, |tramadol
5: |antidiarrheal, |antitussives, |lomotil, |lyrica
Pharmicodyamics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |effects |of |drug |on |the |body. |Receptors |are |
large |molecules |usually |proteins, |that |interact |and |mediate |the |action |of |drugs
agonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-produce |receptor |stimulation |and |a |conformational |change |
every |time |they |bind. |Do |not |need |all |available |receptors |to |produce |a |maximum |response
,Partial |agonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-drugs |that |have |properties |in |b/w |those |of |full |agonist |
and |antagonist. |They |bind |to |receptors |but |when |they |occupy |the |receptor |sites, |they |
stimulate |only |some |of |the |receptors.
antagonist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-drugs |with |affinity |for |a |receptor |but |with |no |intrinsic |
activity. |Affinity |allows |the |antagonist |to |bind |to |receptors, |but |lack |of |intrinsic |activity |
prevents |the |bound |antagonist |from |causing |receptor |activation. |The |block |action |of |drugs |(ex.
|Narcan)
Bioavailabity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-% |of |administered |dosage |of |the |drug |that |survives |the |
first |pass |through |the |liver |and |reaches |the |blood |stream
half |life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Time |required |for |the |amount |of |a |drug |in |the |body |to |
decline |by |50%, |drugs |with |shorter |half |lives |must |be |administer |frequently. |4.5-5.5 |times |the |
half |life |to |get |steady |state |and |to |be |limited |from |the |body
what |the |body |does |to |the |drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-absorption, |distribution, |metabolism,
|excretion
Distribution |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-movement |of |absorbed |drug |in |bodily |fluids |throughout |
the |body |to |target |tissue. |Properties |affecting: |lipid/water |solubility, |PH |affects |ionization |of |
drug, |protein |binding, |size |of |molecule |(smaller |molecules |are |more |able |to |diffuse)
Tissue: |fat, |bone, |blood/brain |barrier |(only |lipid |soluble |will |pass), |placental |barrier |(many |
drugs |can |pass)
Protein |binding |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-unbound |drug |is |free |which |is |active, |crosses |
membrane. |Low |plasma |proteins |result |in |more |free |drug. |Competition: |when |2 |highly |bound |
drugs |are |given |it |increases |the |level |of |both |drugs
,Metabolism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-take |place |in |the |liver |mostly. |Chemical |change |of |a |drug |
structure |to: |
Enhance |excretion, |inactivate |the |drug, |increase |therapeutic |action, |active |a |prodrug |(inactive |
until |metabolized |in |the |body |into |the |active |compound, |ex: |levodopa), |increase |or |decrease |
toxicity
CYP450 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-enzymes |constitutes |the |most |important |of |the |phase |I |
metabolizing |enzymes |(account |for |about |75% |of |drug |metabolism |in |the |liver)
Phase |2: |conjugation |reaction |occur |leading |to |large |increases |in |hydrophilicity |of |the |
substrates |rendering |them |more |readily |excretable
Substrate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |agent |that |is |metabolized |by |an |enzyme |into |a |
metabolite |and |product |and |eventually |excreted
Inhibitors |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-compete |with |other |drugs |for |a |particular |enzyme |affecting
|the |metabolism |(decreased) |of |the |substrate |and |decreases |the |excretion |of |the |substrate |and
|increasing |the |circulating |drug
inducer |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-competes |with |other |drugs |for |a |particular |enzyme |affecting |
metabolism |of |the |substrate |(increases) |decreasing |the |efficacy |of |the |drug
excretion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-renal: |passive |glomerular |filtration, |active |tubular |secretion,
|tubular |reabsorption, |gi |tract, |lung, |sweat |and |salivary, |mammary
genomics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-study |of |the |complete |set |of |genetic |information |present |in
|a |cell, |an |organism, |or |species
pharmacogenetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |study |of |the |influence |of |hereditary |factors |on |
the |response |of |individual |organisms |to |drugs, |and |the |study |of |variations |of |DNA |and |RNA |
characteristics |as |related |to |drug |response
, Pharmacogenetics |tests |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Mentioned |on |drug |labels |can |be |classified |as
|"test |required," |"test |recommended," |and |"information |only." |Currently, |four |drugs |are |
required |to |have |pharmacogenetics |testing |performed |before |they |are |prescribed: |cetuximab, |
trastuzumab, |maraviroc |and |dasatinib
wafarin, |carbamazepine, |valproic |acid |and |abacavir |are |recommended |to |tests |prior |to |initial |
dosing
Carbamazepine |and |Asisans |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Initiating |carbamazepine |therapy |in |these
|patients |(allele |HLA-B*1502) |are |at |high |risk |for |developing |Steven |Johnson |syndrome |or |toxic
|epidermal |necrolysis |(TEN)
The |ability |of |the |anesthetic |to |penetrate |the |axon |membrane |is |determined |by |3 |properties. |
What |are |they? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Molecular |size, |Lipid |solubility, |degree |of |ionization |at
|tissue |pH
Why |is |epinephrine |given |with |local |anesthetics? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Decreases |local |
blood |flow |(decreased |risk |of |bleeding)
Delays |systemic |absorption |of |the |anesthetic
prolongs |anesthesia
reduces |the |risk |of |toxicity
What |is |the |most |widely |used |local |anesthetic? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lidocaine
What |is |a |possible |fatal |reaction |to |benzocaine |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Methemoglobinemia
What |is |included |in |application |guidelines |for |topical |anesthetics |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
avoid |wrapping |the |site |and |heating |the |site, |avoid |application |to |open |skin
