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Pathophysiology Nursing Discussion Board Answers Based on Hesi Nclex Usmle Comlex EXIT EXAMS (Case Studies & Evidence-Based Responses) – McCance & Huether, 11th Edition

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This document contains comprehensive nursing pathophysiology discussion board answers, including case study questions and evidence-based responses. Topics covered include pernicious anemia, COPD, emphysema, acute coronary syndrome, vitamin B12 deficiency, and other major pathophysiology conditions. All content is linked to McCance & Huether, 11th Edition, with instructor-student discussion replies, university-style timestamps, and email-thread formatting. Ideal for nursing students, this resource provides detailed explanations, clinical insights, and case-based learning to support understanding of advanced pathophysiology concepts.

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Institution
Pathophysiology for nursing
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Pathophysiology for nursing

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Uploaded on
January 3, 2026
Number of pages
413
Written in
2025/2026
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Exam (elaborations)
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4

,
,PJ’sijsymptomsijareijconsistentijwithijwhatijdiagnosis?ijWhatijeducationijwouldijyouijprovideijtoijPJ?



PJ’sijsymptomsijareijconsistentijwithijstableijanginaijalsoijknownijasijanginaijpectorisij(McCanceijandijHu

ether,ij2014).ijStableijanginaijisijcausedijbyijstiffeningijofijtheijwallsijofijtheijcoronaryijarteriesijwhichijdoijnotijallo

wijtheijarteriesijtoijdilateijduringijperiodsijofijexertion.ijThisijleadsijtoijdecreasedijbloodijflowijtoijtheijmyocardiu

mijwhichijcausesijanaerobicijrespirationijandijaijbuildupijofijlacticijacid.ijTheijbuildupijofijlacticijacidijisijwhatijcause

sijtheijclassicijsubsternalijchestijpainij(McCanceijandijHuether,ij2014).ijOnceijmyocardialijoxygenijdemandijdecr

easesijbyijtheijpatientijresting,ijtheijpainijsubsidesijasijtheijheartijisijnowijreceivingijadequateijoxygenijandijnoijpe

rmanentijdamageijisijdoneij(McCanceijandijHuether,ij2014).ijNitroglycerinijhelpsijalleviateijtheijsymptomsijofijst

ableijangina.ijThisijworksijbyijnitroglycerinijbeingijmetabolizedijintoijnitricijoxideijwhichijisijaijpotentijvascularijsmo

othijmuscleijrelaxerij(Boden,ijFinn,ijPatel,ijPeacock,ijandijThadani,ij2012).ijThisijcausesijtheijcoronaryijarteriesijtoij

dilateijwhichijincreasesijtheijamountijofijoxygenatedijbloodijthatijtheijheartijreceives.

Nitroglycerinijisijnotijspecificijtoijcoronaryijarteries,ijitijalsoijdilatesijtheijperipheralijveinsijwhichijreducesijpreloa

dijandijafterloadijwhichijinijturnijreducesijtheijworkloadijofijtheijheartij(Boden,ijFinn,ijPatel,ijPeacock,ijandijThadani

,ij2012).



TheijmostijimportantijeducationijthatijIijwouldijgiveijtoijPJijisijaboutijcardiacijrehabilitation.ijTheijgoalijofijc

ardiacijrehabilitationijisijtoijslowijtheijprogressionijofijcoronaryijarteryijdiseaseijbyijreducingijtheijimpactijofijmod

ifiableijriskijfactorsijforijanginaijwhichijincludeijsmokingijcessation,ijweightijcontrol,ijlipidijmanagement,ijdiabet

esijmanagement,ijandijdietijandijnutritionijcounselingij(Boden,ijFinn,ijPatel,ijPeacock,ijandijThadani,ij2012).ijIfijP

Jijattendsijcardiacijrehabijandijreducesijhisijmodifiableijriskijfactorsijasijwellijasijbeingijcompliantijwith

, hisijprescribedijmedications,ijPJ’sijqualityijofijlifeijwillijincreaseijbyijbeingijableijtoijbeijmoreijactiveijwithoutijg

ettingijchestijpain.



AccordingijtoijtheijECGijfindings,ijwhatijisijtheijdifferentialijdiagnosis?



AccordingijtoijtheijECGijfindings,ijPJijhasijsufferedijanijacuteijSTijelevationijmyocardialijinfarctionijalsoijkn

ownijasijaijSTEMIij(McCanceijandijHuether,ij2014).ijThisijoccursijwhenijaijplaqueijbuildupijinijaijcoronaryijarteryijrup

turesijwhichijthenijactivatesijtheijclottingijcascadeijandijcompletelyijblocksijbloodijflowijtoijcertainijareasijofijtheij

heart.ijSTEMIijpatientsijareijconsideredijtrueijmedicalijemergenciesijandijrequireijimmediateijinterventionijinijaij

cardiacijcatheterizationijlaboratoryijtoijdisruptijtheijclotijandijreturnijbloodijflowijtoijtheijheart.ijTimeijisijtissueija

ndijgettingijtheijpatientijtoijtheijcathijlabijisijtopijpriority.



WhichijlaboratoryijfindingsijwouldijindicateijMI?



TheijmostijsensitiveijlaboratoryijfindingijduringijanijMIijisijanijelevatedijtroponinij(McCanceijandijHuether,ij

2014).ijHowever,ijtroponinijvaluesijtakeijapproximatelyijtwoijtoijfourijhoursijafterijsymptomijonsetijtoijbecomeij

elevatedijandijisijnotijaijgoodijindicatorijofijcardiacijischemiaijduringijanijacuteijSTEMIij(McCanceijandijHuether,ij

2014).ijOtherijlaboratoryijtestsijthatijareijnotijasijspecificijasijtroponinijincludeijcreatineijkinaseij(CK)ijandijlacticijd

ehydrogenaseij(LDH).ijElevationsijinijC-

reactiveijproteinsijalsoijoccurijdueijtoijtheijinflammatoryijresponseijthatijoccursijduringijaijSTEMIij(McCanceijandij

Huether,ij2014).



DescribeijtheijpathophysiologicalijresponsesijoccurringijinijtheijbodyijduringijanijMI.
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