CSOWM EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Physical Activity for Children/Adolescents with DM (1 & 2) & Pre-DM - CORRECT ANSWER -At
least 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity
vigorous muscle strengthening and bone strengthening activity at least 3 days per week
Physical Activity for Adults with DM - CORRECT ANSWER -150 min of moderate to vigorous
aerobic activity weekly (over at least 3 days)
no more than 2 consecutive days w/o activity
75 min of vigorous aerobic activity weekly (if appropriate)
2-3 weekly sessions of resistance exercise on non consecutive days
all adults should decrease sedentary time (interrupt every 30 min for BG benefit)
flexibility & balance training recommended 2-3 times weekly for older adults with DM
Potential contraindications for diabetes and exercise - CORRECT ANSWER -Retinopathy (risk of
vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment)
Peripheral neuropathy (exam feet, wear protection)
Autonomic neuropathy (thorough cardiac eval)
,Diabetic kidney disease (acutely increase urinate albumin excretion) , however no specific
exercise restrictions needed.
DM and Psychosocial Care - CORRECT ANSWER -Should be integrated with a pt-centered
approach & provided to all people diagnosed
may include attitudes: expectations with meds and outcomes, affect or mood, QOL, resources
like financial, social, emotional, and psychiatric history
Critical times to evaluate DSMES - CORRECT ANSWER -1. At diagnosis
2. Annually
3. When complications arise
4. When transitions in care occur
Behavior Management for Diabetics - CORRECT ANSWER -DSMES
MNT
Physical Activity
Smoking cessation
Psychosocial care
Pharmacotherapy for type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWER -Metformin initially (low cost)
Early insulin if evidence of catabolism, hyperglycemia, & A1c > 10%
SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 agonist in patients with CVD, kidney dx, or heart failure
,DPP-4 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER -weight neutral type II DM medication
ends in -gliptin
(Januvia)
Better GI tolerability over Metformin
Type II DM Meds that cause weight gain - CORRECT ANSWER -Thiazolidinediones (low cost)
Sulfonylureas (Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride) (low cost)
Insulin
GLP-1 Agonists - CORRECT ANSWER -Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
Exenatide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Injections that affect POMC neurons and cause satiety
SGLT2 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER -Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
prevents reabsorptions of glucose as well as water in the renal tubules
Assessment of Obesity Management in Type II DM - CORRECT ANSWER -Annual BMI
calculations (more frequently if necessary)
Inpatient eval may be necessary if deterioration of medical status is associated with significant
weight gain or loss (medication use, food intake, glycemic status)
, For pt's with high weight-related stress, special accommodations should be made to ensure
privacy
Obesity Management in Type II DM (short-term) - CORRECT ANSWER -Diet, PA, and BT designed
to achieve and maintain >/= 5% weight loss (3-5% is minimum for any benefit)
>/= 16 sessions in 6 months
Achieve a 500-750 kcal deficit (individualized meal planning)
Individual or group settings
Very low-calorie diets (</= 800 kcal) prescribed only to carefully selected patients
Obesity Management in Type II DM (long-term) - CORRECT ANSWER -For >/= 1 year weight
maintenance:
- minimum monthly contact
- 200-300 min/wk of physical activity
-self-monitoring
Look AHEAD Trial - CORRECT ANSWER -Assessed long-term health consequences of intentional
wt loss. Showed feasibility of achieving and maintaining long-term (13.5 years) weight loss in
patients with type II DM.
Participants randomly assigned to the intensive lifestyle group achieved equivalent risk factor
control but required fewer glucose-, blood pressure-, and lipid-lowering meds than those
randomly assigned to standard care. Other improvements included increased mobility, physical
and sexual functioning, and health-related QoL
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Physical Activity for Children/Adolescents with DM (1 & 2) & Pre-DM - CORRECT ANSWER -At
least 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity
vigorous muscle strengthening and bone strengthening activity at least 3 days per week
Physical Activity for Adults with DM - CORRECT ANSWER -150 min of moderate to vigorous
aerobic activity weekly (over at least 3 days)
no more than 2 consecutive days w/o activity
75 min of vigorous aerobic activity weekly (if appropriate)
2-3 weekly sessions of resistance exercise on non consecutive days
all adults should decrease sedentary time (interrupt every 30 min for BG benefit)
flexibility & balance training recommended 2-3 times weekly for older adults with DM
Potential contraindications for diabetes and exercise - CORRECT ANSWER -Retinopathy (risk of
vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment)
Peripheral neuropathy (exam feet, wear protection)
Autonomic neuropathy (thorough cardiac eval)
,Diabetic kidney disease (acutely increase urinate albumin excretion) , however no specific
exercise restrictions needed.
DM and Psychosocial Care - CORRECT ANSWER -Should be integrated with a pt-centered
approach & provided to all people diagnosed
may include attitudes: expectations with meds and outcomes, affect or mood, QOL, resources
like financial, social, emotional, and psychiatric history
Critical times to evaluate DSMES - CORRECT ANSWER -1. At diagnosis
2. Annually
3. When complications arise
4. When transitions in care occur
Behavior Management for Diabetics - CORRECT ANSWER -DSMES
MNT
Physical Activity
Smoking cessation
Psychosocial care
Pharmacotherapy for type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWER -Metformin initially (low cost)
Early insulin if evidence of catabolism, hyperglycemia, & A1c > 10%
SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 agonist in patients with CVD, kidney dx, or heart failure
,DPP-4 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER -weight neutral type II DM medication
ends in -gliptin
(Januvia)
Better GI tolerability over Metformin
Type II DM Meds that cause weight gain - CORRECT ANSWER -Thiazolidinediones (low cost)
Sulfonylureas (Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride) (low cost)
Insulin
GLP-1 Agonists - CORRECT ANSWER -Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
Exenatide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
Injections that affect POMC neurons and cause satiety
SGLT2 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER -Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
prevents reabsorptions of glucose as well as water in the renal tubules
Assessment of Obesity Management in Type II DM - CORRECT ANSWER -Annual BMI
calculations (more frequently if necessary)
Inpatient eval may be necessary if deterioration of medical status is associated with significant
weight gain or loss (medication use, food intake, glycemic status)
, For pt's with high weight-related stress, special accommodations should be made to ensure
privacy
Obesity Management in Type II DM (short-term) - CORRECT ANSWER -Diet, PA, and BT designed
to achieve and maintain >/= 5% weight loss (3-5% is minimum for any benefit)
>/= 16 sessions in 6 months
Achieve a 500-750 kcal deficit (individualized meal planning)
Individual or group settings
Very low-calorie diets (</= 800 kcal) prescribed only to carefully selected patients
Obesity Management in Type II DM (long-term) - CORRECT ANSWER -For >/= 1 year weight
maintenance:
- minimum monthly contact
- 200-300 min/wk of physical activity
-self-monitoring
Look AHEAD Trial - CORRECT ANSWER -Assessed long-term health consequences of intentional
wt loss. Showed feasibility of achieving and maintaining long-term (13.5 years) weight loss in
patients with type II DM.
Participants randomly assigned to the intensive lifestyle group achieved equivalent risk factor
control but required fewer glucose-, blood pressure-, and lipid-lowering meds than those
randomly assigned to standard care. Other improvements included increased mobility, physical
and sexual functioning, and health-related QoL
