MSN 570 Advance Patho (Midterm Study
Guide) questions and answers 2025\2026 A+
Grade
MI
- correct answer Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI?
- correct answer unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and
thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP?
- correct answer hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed
- correct answer EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI?
- correct answer elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from?
- correct answer Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin
released from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury
- correct answer ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury
- correct answer injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
, how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury?
- correct answer as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering
inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI?
- correct answer RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell
unstable
what is primary Hypertension?
- correct answer Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95%
of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension?
- correct answer Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN?
- correct answer persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause?
- correct answer stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload?
- correct answer volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload?
- correct answer peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF?
- correct answer overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart
and decreases CO.
Guide) questions and answers 2025\2026 A+
Grade
MI
- correct answer Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI?
- correct answer unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and
thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP?
- correct answer hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed
- correct answer EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI?
- correct answer elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from?
- correct answer Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin
released from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury
- correct answer ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury
- correct answer injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
, how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury?
- correct answer as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering
inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI?
- correct answer RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell
unstable
what is primary Hypertension?
- correct answer Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95%
of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension?
- correct answer Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN?
- correct answer persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause?
- correct answer stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload?
- correct answer volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload?
- correct answer peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF?
- correct answer overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart
and decreases CO.
