Theoretical exam Leisure
Subjective & objective
It is difficult to find a definition for spare time. Why? Because it is not ‘tangible’. It is more
subjective.
The objective approach of spare time: Spare time = All time – (work + school + care
responsibilities --> also care for others, children + personal time --> also sleep)
The subjective approach of spare time: an individual’s personal view.
History
Spare time is a relatively new concept that at first was only available to a small portion of
society. It was not until the twentieth century that the ordinary citizen of Western society
was aware of spare time.
Spare time was only for the elite and was in no way connected to consumption. Until the
industrial revolution, farmers became factory workers and instead of working day and
night, they now had a workday with a start and end time. So, the workers had after their
workday a few hours that were not ‘his boss’. ‘Spare time’ was born. The first forms of
spare time were drinking, gambling, prostitution.
After the working atmosphere for factory workers improved (by Karl Marx, a max of 8 hours
workday and the free saturday), more spare time activities such as sports, culture and
theatre emerged. But the leisure industry really took flight in 1960 when:
- Wages increased (more money).
- The automobile.
- Introduction of the television.
Nature is everything that is brought forth without influence from human actions whereas
culture is everything brought forth by human actions. All values, norms, views, institutions
and traditions that characterize a group of people.
Society culture: includes al material and immaterial elements that have been brought
forth by humans within that culture and passed down to next generations.
Sub-culture: a group of people with the same values, norms, views and customs.
, Leisure motivation:
Maslow (activities in general):
The most important human needs are the basic needs (physiological needs), only after the
humans physical needs are satisfied, we will focus on the next level of need: safety and
security. A safe environment is needed to survive. The search for social contact (love and
belonging) will not begin until an individual feels secure. The next level is the need for
appreciation and recognition (esteem). The need for self-actualization is the highest
attainable level according to Maslow.
... can lead to... ... can lead to...
Attitude Intention Behavior
... can lead to...
Changed attitude/
Expectations ... can lead to...
Experience
Attitude: you have the intent to smoke.
Intention: you want to smoke but you are out of cigarettes, and the stores are closed.
Behavior: you can't smoke (there is an impossibility of behavior)
Experience: by learning from the past and remembering experiences, your attitudes over
something can change. It may be that you used to have a positive attitude towards smoking
but due to the learning process it is now negative.
Subjective & objective
It is difficult to find a definition for spare time. Why? Because it is not ‘tangible’. It is more
subjective.
The objective approach of spare time: Spare time = All time – (work + school + care
responsibilities --> also care for others, children + personal time --> also sleep)
The subjective approach of spare time: an individual’s personal view.
History
Spare time is a relatively new concept that at first was only available to a small portion of
society. It was not until the twentieth century that the ordinary citizen of Western society
was aware of spare time.
Spare time was only for the elite and was in no way connected to consumption. Until the
industrial revolution, farmers became factory workers and instead of working day and
night, they now had a workday with a start and end time. So, the workers had after their
workday a few hours that were not ‘his boss’. ‘Spare time’ was born. The first forms of
spare time were drinking, gambling, prostitution.
After the working atmosphere for factory workers improved (by Karl Marx, a max of 8 hours
workday and the free saturday), more spare time activities such as sports, culture and
theatre emerged. But the leisure industry really took flight in 1960 when:
- Wages increased (more money).
- The automobile.
- Introduction of the television.
Nature is everything that is brought forth without influence from human actions whereas
culture is everything brought forth by human actions. All values, norms, views, institutions
and traditions that characterize a group of people.
Society culture: includes al material and immaterial elements that have been brought
forth by humans within that culture and passed down to next generations.
Sub-culture: a group of people with the same values, norms, views and customs.
, Leisure motivation:
Maslow (activities in general):
The most important human needs are the basic needs (physiological needs), only after the
humans physical needs are satisfied, we will focus on the next level of need: safety and
security. A safe environment is needed to survive. The search for social contact (love and
belonging) will not begin until an individual feels secure. The next level is the need for
appreciation and recognition (esteem). The need for self-actualization is the highest
attainable level according to Maslow.
... can lead to... ... can lead to...
Attitude Intention Behavior
... can lead to...
Changed attitude/
Expectations ... can lead to...
Experience
Attitude: you have the intent to smoke.
Intention: you want to smoke but you are out of cigarettes, and the stores are closed.
Behavior: you can't smoke (there is an impossibility of behavior)
Experience: by learning from the past and remembering experiences, your attitudes over
something can change. It may be that you used to have a positive attitude towards smoking
but due to the learning process it is now negative.
