MDC 4 EVALUATION EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is true for spinal cord injury - ✔✔the higher the injury, the more system
affected and shorter the lifespan
✔✔diagnosis of spinal cord injury - ✔✔X-ray, CT scan, MRI
✔✔prevention of spinal cord injury - ✔✔stop drugs and alcohol
✔✔causes of spinal cord injury - ✔✔traumatic: falls, MVA, violence
Non-traumatic: tumors, RA
Direct: fracture, hyperflexion (diving), hyperextension, penetration (GSW), axial load
✔✔types of spinal cord injuries - ✔✔Complete: complete severed spinal cord, complete
loss of function below injury
Incomplete: spinal cord is partially severed, partial loss of function
Quadriplegia
- at C6
- Unable to move all 4 extremeties
- MVA, fall
Paraplegia
- below T1, paralysis of lower extremities, can be result of GSW
✔✔what is the main cause of death for people with spinal cord injuries - ✔✔sepsis,
pneumonia, PE
✔✔Acute management of spinal cord injury - ✔✔- airway and breathing
- immobilize head and neck (c-collar)
- determine LOC by using GCS
✔✔Medications for spinal cord injuries - ✔✔- corticosteroid = methylprednisolone
- first given as IV bolus - then IV continuous drip for 24 hours
- needs to be given w/in 8 hrs of injury
-s/s hyperglycemia, poor wound healing, infection
- education: increae Ca intake, ROM, deep breathing
✔✔what is the number 1 thing to keep in mind with a spinal cord injury? - ✔✔AIRWAY
and BREATHING
, ✔✔Complications of Spinal cord injury - ✔✔- autonomic dysreflexia
- neurogenic shock (hypo, bready, edema, temp)
✔✔what is a stroke? - ✔✔alteration in blood flow to the brain
✔✔TIA - ✔✔transient ischemic attack = mini stroke, warning sign
✔✔diagnosis of stroke - ✔✔CT without contrast
✔✔Etiology of stroke - ✔✔- nonmodifiable = age, sex, history
- modifiable = HTN, BC user, high cholesterol, smoker
✔✔s/s of stroke - ✔✔FAST
facial droop, arm drift, speech is slurred, time how much as passed
✔✔General Left vs Right side stroke - ✔✔Left = language
Right = impulse & judgement
✔✔Left-sided stroke s/s - ✔✔- receptive aphasia (unable to verbally communicate back)
- right sided hemiparesis (weakness)
- agraphia (unable to right)
- Aware of their deficits - anxiety and depression
✔✔Right-sided stroke s/s - ✔✔- poor impulse control and judgement
- 1 sided neglect syndrome (unaware of deficits on left side of body, big safety concern)
- short attention span
- proprioception (depth) issues
✔✔Broca's area - ✔✔expressive aphasia: unable to communicate/express back in
speech
✔✔Wernikies aphasia - ✔✔receptive aphasia: unable to receive/understand what is
being said
✔✔nursing care for both broca's and wernikies - ✔✔- be patient
- use short phrases
- use gestures/point
- limit distractions around
✔✔Treatment of stroke - ✔✔General - anticoagulants, stool softeners, benzo's
Ischemic stroke aka clot - tPa = thrombolytics (must be w/in 3 hours, BP needs to be in
range, neuro checks every 15 mins. NOT for bleeding, htn, >3hrs
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is true for spinal cord injury - ✔✔the higher the injury, the more system
affected and shorter the lifespan
✔✔diagnosis of spinal cord injury - ✔✔X-ray, CT scan, MRI
✔✔prevention of spinal cord injury - ✔✔stop drugs and alcohol
✔✔causes of spinal cord injury - ✔✔traumatic: falls, MVA, violence
Non-traumatic: tumors, RA
Direct: fracture, hyperflexion (diving), hyperextension, penetration (GSW), axial load
✔✔types of spinal cord injuries - ✔✔Complete: complete severed spinal cord, complete
loss of function below injury
Incomplete: spinal cord is partially severed, partial loss of function
Quadriplegia
- at C6
- Unable to move all 4 extremeties
- MVA, fall
Paraplegia
- below T1, paralysis of lower extremities, can be result of GSW
✔✔what is the main cause of death for people with spinal cord injuries - ✔✔sepsis,
pneumonia, PE
✔✔Acute management of spinal cord injury - ✔✔- airway and breathing
- immobilize head and neck (c-collar)
- determine LOC by using GCS
✔✔Medications for spinal cord injuries - ✔✔- corticosteroid = methylprednisolone
- first given as IV bolus - then IV continuous drip for 24 hours
- needs to be given w/in 8 hrs of injury
-s/s hyperglycemia, poor wound healing, infection
- education: increae Ca intake, ROM, deep breathing
✔✔what is the number 1 thing to keep in mind with a spinal cord injury? - ✔✔AIRWAY
and BREATHING
, ✔✔Complications of Spinal cord injury - ✔✔- autonomic dysreflexia
- neurogenic shock (hypo, bready, edema, temp)
✔✔what is a stroke? - ✔✔alteration in blood flow to the brain
✔✔TIA - ✔✔transient ischemic attack = mini stroke, warning sign
✔✔diagnosis of stroke - ✔✔CT without contrast
✔✔Etiology of stroke - ✔✔- nonmodifiable = age, sex, history
- modifiable = HTN, BC user, high cholesterol, smoker
✔✔s/s of stroke - ✔✔FAST
facial droop, arm drift, speech is slurred, time how much as passed
✔✔General Left vs Right side stroke - ✔✔Left = language
Right = impulse & judgement
✔✔Left-sided stroke s/s - ✔✔- receptive aphasia (unable to verbally communicate back)
- right sided hemiparesis (weakness)
- agraphia (unable to right)
- Aware of their deficits - anxiety and depression
✔✔Right-sided stroke s/s - ✔✔- poor impulse control and judgement
- 1 sided neglect syndrome (unaware of deficits on left side of body, big safety concern)
- short attention span
- proprioception (depth) issues
✔✔Broca's area - ✔✔expressive aphasia: unable to communicate/express back in
speech
✔✔Wernikies aphasia - ✔✔receptive aphasia: unable to receive/understand what is
being said
✔✔nursing care for both broca's and wernikies - ✔✔- be patient
- use short phrases
- use gestures/point
- limit distractions around
✔✔Treatment of stroke - ✔✔General - anticoagulants, stool softeners, benzo's
Ischemic stroke aka clot - tPa = thrombolytics (must be w/in 3 hours, BP needs to be in
range, neuro checks every 15 mins. NOT for bleeding, htn, >3hrs
