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Exam (elaborations)

HAP 410 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECTS ANSWERS

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HAP 410 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECTS ANSWERS

Institution
SANS 410
Course
SANS 410











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Institution
SANS 410
Course
SANS 410

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Uploaded on
January 2, 2026
Number of pages
32
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Exam (elaborations)
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Questions & answers

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HAP 410 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTS
ANSWERS

Know /Define terms in "Who's Who" in Health Insurance -
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swProvider: is the medical professional who provides the healthcare services to the pa
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tient. In the medical office, this is usually the doctor, nurse practitioner, and physicia
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n assistant.
sw sw


Policy Holder: whose name is covered by the insurance company. Ultimately respon
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sible for payment of the bills. Makes it possible for Dependents (spouse, children, si
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gnificant other) of the insured to be covered.
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Carrier - is the one that writes and administers the health insurance policy
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Self Insured - sw sw


(A company, usually large) that creates a fund for collection of premiums/
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payments of claims for its employees. The Third Party Administrator is the outside c
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ompany that administers the plan, processes the claims, etc. for their employees. Th
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e company assumes the risk of providing health care to their employees.
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Beneficiary - sw


the person eligible to receive benefits under the health insurance policy.
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Define Medicare and who is eligible -
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This started in 1965 under President Lyndon Johnson. A federal health insurance e
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ntitlement program compliments the Social Security, passed in 1935. The beneficiary
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eligibility include individuals 65+, younger individuals with disabilities, and individuals
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with end stage renal disease.
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Four Parts of Medicare -
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Medicare, Part A...hospital services, including inpatient hospitalization, Skilled nursin
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g, Home care, hospice care. Patients have a 90 day hospital stay benefit in a given
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wbenefit period (usually one year), plus a 60 day lifetime reserve. Patient must enroll
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wat the time just before or after 65th birthday. Premiums covered under Social Securi
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ty.
Medicare Part B....Physician/ sw sw


nurse practitioner services services, outpatient hospital services, hospital and ambula
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,tory surgery, physical and speech therapy, chemotherapy. Patient must be enrolled i
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n Part A, and then pays monthly premium out of pocket.
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Medicare Part C...... Started in 1997, also called Medicare Advantage or Medicare M
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anaged Care. Broader in- sw sw sw


network coverage (more restrictive), lower out of pocket costs vs. Medicare Part B.
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Plans to phase this down/maybe out.
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Medicare Part D......started in 2006. Voluntary drug benefit program. Patient must en
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roll in a private insurance plan approved by Medicare for Part D. Coverage. A restric
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ted formulary is provided based on the diagnosis and treatment of a medical conditi
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on.

Key players of Medicare and how its works - -
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Federal Government: Congress mandates and Medicare rules and regulations
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-
Medicare Administrative Agencies: Operational responsibility. Under the Dept. of Hea
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lth and Human Services is CMS (Center for Medicare Services)
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-Non-
Governmental Medicare Agencies...Private companies called intermediaries, who con
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tract with CMS to process claims. Also called MACs (Medicare Administrative Contra
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ctor). Very often a private insurance company as Blue Cross or Aetna may serve as
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wintermediaries for Medicare in different sections of the country, since they have the i
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nfrastructure in place. sw sw




-Hospitals provide services under Medicare Part A.
sw sw sw sw sw sw
sw


-
Physicians provide services under Medicare Part B...Note that a physician can be a
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participating or non- sw sw


participating provider. To be participating, a physician must submit an application for
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m to Medicare to provide services to beneficiaries. An NPI (National Provider Identifi
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er) number is assigned for billing.
sw sw sw sw sw sw




-
Participating provider sees Medicare beneficiaries and "accepts assignment" which m
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eans that they accept Medicare's fee schedule. Medicare pays 80% of allowable rei
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mbursement, with remaining 20% collected from the patient.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw




-Non-
participating...doctor does not accept assignment. Fee schedule is 95% of fee sched sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw


ule for participating provider. Payment of the claim sent to patient, not to doctor. Be
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neficial for doctor to be participating.
sw sw sw sw sw




Define Medicaid, who it covers, basic elements -
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provides benefits to low income groups with no or limited health insurance. Federal
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s

,government provides general guidelines and funding, but Medicaid programs are ad
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ministered by each state. Fee schedule is usually less than Medicare, maybe 75-
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80% of Medicare fee schedule. Usually $3.00 co-
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw


pay. The indigent population, along with low reimbursement makes it unpopular with
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most doctors. Covers basic preventive services, "bare bones coverage"
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Define Tricare, who it covers, basic elements - -
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Worldwide health services with military facilities that provides services for the military
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and their families. Which includes.....active duty.....retired service members,.......activ
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e/non active/retired National Guard.
sw sw sw




-Tricare provides network (military medical personnel and facilities) and non-
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network .benefits. Only specialized/
sw sw sw


medically necessary services usually provided out of network
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw




-
The VA (Veterans Administration) provides acute care, ambulatory, and rehabilitation
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw s


wservices to veterans. sw sw




-There are also military hospitals (Walter Reed. Bethesda Naval) for active military
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Types of plans - Fee for Service/Indemnity, PPO, HMO (capitation), HDHP
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Fee for Service/Indemnity -
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Health insurance of the 1960's, now rare because it is so expensive. First dollar co
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verage, usually 80% covered, 20% out of pocket co-
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insurance. Flexibility to choose any doctor or hospital.
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Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) -
sw sw sw sw


(Has some model features of Fee for Service) Insurance companies contract with n
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etworks of providers and hospitals, from which the patient can select. Doctor accept
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s/
insurance and patient pays a lower rate, in exchange for joining the network. Going
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"out of network" is much more costly for the patient. Primary care gatekeeper is usu
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ally not required.
sw sw




Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) -
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focuses on preventive care. Primary care physician is the gatekeeper in the networ
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k established by the insurance carrier, which means that referrals are required to se
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e a specialist, and pre-
sw sw sw sw


authorizations to be admitted to a hospital. Going out of network usually prohibited.
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Per some plans, the primary care doctor paid on a captitated basis, which means a
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set fee, is received per member per month, to manage the care of the patient with
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a focus on prevention. Kaiser Permanente is a nationally known one.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw

, (HDHP) High Deductible Health Plans/Consumer Directed Plans: -
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Due to high healthcare costs, many companies are shifting costs to their employees
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through higher deductibles. To go with the "stick" of higher deductibles, the 'carrot"
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is allowing individuals and companies to put "pre-
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tax" dollars in accounts to help pay for the high front end deductibles.
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Laws have been passed by Congress, where Health Savings Accounts (HAS), Healt
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h Reimbursement Accounts (HRA) and Flexible Spending Accounts (FSA) have bee
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n created.
sw




In 2011, pre-
sw sw


tax medical savings accounts under high deductible account allowances are now $1,
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200 per individual, and $2,400 for a family. Insurance benefits start after the deducti
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ble is met. sw sw




Premium - sw


Paid monthly in return for coverage under the policy. Price based on contracted be
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nefits in the health policy. Most employers pay a portion of the premium, with the e
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw


mployee paying a portion based on a designated payroll deduction.
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Co-Payment - sw


Required payment to the provider or institution at the time of service, per the policy
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. Very common for patient to pay a $10-$25 in a doctor's office for this.
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Deductible - sw


First dollar out of pocket payment required by some plans before the insurance co
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mpany pays. The patient, not insurance company at risk for payment of services at t
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he beginning of the plan year.
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Insurance payment - sw sw


Portion of health services paid by the insurance carrier. Amount paid is in the insur
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ance policy. sw




Co-Insurance - Service balance that remains after the deductible and co-
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pay has been paid, which is the responsibility of the insured.
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw




Exclusions - sw


services not covered in the policy (common are laser eye surgery, cosmetic surgery
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, fertility treatments.)
sw sw




Referral - sw


Process of sending a patient to another provider for services or consultation that th
sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw


e referring source believes is outside their scope of practice. This must be approved
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by the insurance company. Meant to cut down on unnecessary services.
w sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw
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