NSG 3250 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔postanesthesia care unit (PACU) - ✔✔an area often adjacent to the surgical suite
designed to provide care for patients recovering from anesthesia or moderate
sedation/analgesia
✔✔Phases of Postanesthesia Care - ✔✔1.) phase I PACU: used during the immediate
recovery phase, intensive nursing care is provided.
2.) phase II PACU: the patient is prepared for self-care or an extended care setting. The
patient is prepared for discharge. In many hospitals, phase II and phase III units are
combined.
✔✔hypovolemic shock - ✔✔A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive
internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate
perfusion.
✔✔signs of hypovolemic shock - ✔✔(most common type of shock) pallor, cool, moist
skin, rapid breathing, cyanosis of lips, gums and tongue, rapid, weak, thready pulse,
hypotension, concentrated urine
✔✔How to avoid hypovolemic shock - ✔✔Timely administration of IV fluids, blood, blood
products, and medications that elevate blood pressure
✔✔What percentage of patients have postoperative nausea and vomiting? - ✔✔30%-
50%
✔✔Ways to reduce nausea and vomiting - ✔✔- medication
- aromatherapy (ginger, lavender, spearmint, peppermint)
- ice chips
✔✔Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) - ✔✔less than 50,
female, hx of motion sickness/previous PONV, and opioid administration
✔✔Modified Aldrete Scoring System - ✔✔Used to assess transition from Phase 1 to
Phase 2; Discontinuation of anesthesia to return of protective reflexes and motor
function; A score of 7 to 10 indicates readiness for transfer or discharge to the next
phase of recovery
✔✔When do you get a patient up after general anesthesia - ✔✔8+ hours after
procedure (24 hours is standard)
✔✔Goal of rehabilitation - ✔✔Restore highest level of function
, ✔✔Potential complications after a procedure or operation - ✔✔- venous thrombosis
- hematoma
- infection (wound sepsis)
- wound dehiscence and evisceration
✔✔dehinscence - ✔✔separation of wound edges
✔✔Evisceration - ✔✔wound separation with protrusion of organs
✔✔When should you report the drainage of blood at a surgical site? - ✔✔When it is
fresh blood on the dressing, and large amounts of blood drainage
✔✔serosanguineous drainage - ✔✔mixture of serum and red blood cells. light pink to
blood tinged
✔✔What is a abdominal binder used for? - ✔✔To provide support and guard against
dehiscence
✔✔Insulin - ✔✔A hormone segregated by the beta islet cells in the pancreas that is
necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
✔✔Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ✔✔A complication of diabetes, most commonly type
1, that results from a deficiency of insulin, resulting in acidosis
✔✔Hyperglycemia - ✔✔high blood sugar
✔✔Hypoglycemia - ✔✔low blood sugar
✔✔Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔polyuria, dehydration, increased pulse, fruity
odor, polyphagia , polydyspia
✔✔Ketone - ✔✔a highly acidic substance formed when the liver breaks down free fatty
acids in the absence of insulin
✔✔nephropathy - ✔✔a long-term complication of diabetes in which the kidney cells are
damaged; characterized by microalbuminuria in early stages and progressing to end-
stage kidney disease
✔✔neuropathy - ✔✔a long-term complication of diabetes resulting from damage to the
nerve cell
✔✔Dawn phenomenon - ✔✔A nocturnal release of growth hormone, which may cause
blood glucose level elevations before breakfast in the client with diabetes mellitus.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔postanesthesia care unit (PACU) - ✔✔an area often adjacent to the surgical suite
designed to provide care for patients recovering from anesthesia or moderate
sedation/analgesia
✔✔Phases of Postanesthesia Care - ✔✔1.) phase I PACU: used during the immediate
recovery phase, intensive nursing care is provided.
2.) phase II PACU: the patient is prepared for self-care or an extended care setting. The
patient is prepared for discharge. In many hospitals, phase II and phase III units are
combined.
✔✔hypovolemic shock - ✔✔A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive
internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate
perfusion.
✔✔signs of hypovolemic shock - ✔✔(most common type of shock) pallor, cool, moist
skin, rapid breathing, cyanosis of lips, gums and tongue, rapid, weak, thready pulse,
hypotension, concentrated urine
✔✔How to avoid hypovolemic shock - ✔✔Timely administration of IV fluids, blood, blood
products, and medications that elevate blood pressure
✔✔What percentage of patients have postoperative nausea and vomiting? - ✔✔30%-
50%
✔✔Ways to reduce nausea and vomiting - ✔✔- medication
- aromatherapy (ginger, lavender, spearmint, peppermint)
- ice chips
✔✔Risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) - ✔✔less than 50,
female, hx of motion sickness/previous PONV, and opioid administration
✔✔Modified Aldrete Scoring System - ✔✔Used to assess transition from Phase 1 to
Phase 2; Discontinuation of anesthesia to return of protective reflexes and motor
function; A score of 7 to 10 indicates readiness for transfer or discharge to the next
phase of recovery
✔✔When do you get a patient up after general anesthesia - ✔✔8+ hours after
procedure (24 hours is standard)
✔✔Goal of rehabilitation - ✔✔Restore highest level of function
, ✔✔Potential complications after a procedure or operation - ✔✔- venous thrombosis
- hematoma
- infection (wound sepsis)
- wound dehiscence and evisceration
✔✔dehinscence - ✔✔separation of wound edges
✔✔Evisceration - ✔✔wound separation with protrusion of organs
✔✔When should you report the drainage of blood at a surgical site? - ✔✔When it is
fresh blood on the dressing, and large amounts of blood drainage
✔✔serosanguineous drainage - ✔✔mixture of serum and red blood cells. light pink to
blood tinged
✔✔What is a abdominal binder used for? - ✔✔To provide support and guard against
dehiscence
✔✔Insulin - ✔✔A hormone segregated by the beta islet cells in the pancreas that is
necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
✔✔Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ✔✔A complication of diabetes, most commonly type
1, that results from a deficiency of insulin, resulting in acidosis
✔✔Hyperglycemia - ✔✔high blood sugar
✔✔Hypoglycemia - ✔✔low blood sugar
✔✔Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔polyuria, dehydration, increased pulse, fruity
odor, polyphagia , polydyspia
✔✔Ketone - ✔✔a highly acidic substance formed when the liver breaks down free fatty
acids in the absence of insulin
✔✔nephropathy - ✔✔a long-term complication of diabetes in which the kidney cells are
damaged; characterized by microalbuminuria in early stages and progressing to end-
stage kidney disease
✔✔neuropathy - ✔✔a long-term complication of diabetes resulting from damage to the
nerve cell
✔✔Dawn phenomenon - ✔✔A nocturnal release of growth hormone, which may cause
blood glucose level elevations before breakfast in the client with diabetes mellitus.
