BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Test Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Test Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct the sensation of hearing, visions, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, temperature and pain are all conveyed by ______________ - ANSWER exteroceptors Where are interoceptors found? - ANSWER -in blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and the nervous system What are the proprioceptors in skeletal muscles that are responsible for monitoring changes in the length of the muscles in stretch reflexes? - ANSWER -muscle spindles These are located at the junction of a tendon and a muscle - ANSWER -tendon organs These neurons conduct impulses from somatic receptors into the brain or spinal cord - ANSWER -First-order neruons These neurons conduct impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus - ANSWER -second-order neurons These neurons conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side - ANSWER -third-order neurons Nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception from the limbs, trunk, neck,, and posterior head ascend to the cerebral cortex along the __________________________ pathway - ANSWER -posterior column-medial lemniscus Nerve impulses fro pain, temperature, itch, and tickles ascend to the cerebral cortex along the ________________________ pathway - ANSWER -anterolateral Nerve impulses for most somatic sensation from the face, nasal cavity, oral cavity etc, ascend tot he cerebral cortex along the ______________________ pathway - ANSWER -trigeminothalamic The axons of the second order neurons cross tot he opposite side of the pons and medulla and then ascend as the ____________________________ tract - ANSWER -trigeminothalamic Where is the primary somatosensory area located ? - ANSWER -the postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex These motor pathways provide input to lower motor neurons from axons that extend directly from the cerebral cortex - ANSWER -direct motor pathways Where is the primary motor area located ? - ANSWER -precentral gyrus of frontal lobe What are these the functions of ? -play large role in initiation and termination of movements - suppress unwanted movements - influences muscle tone -influences many aspects of cortical function - ANSWER -Basal Nuclei What part of the CNS has these functions? - monitoring intention for movements -monitoring actual movement - comparing command signals with sensory information - sending out corrective feedback - ANSWER -the cerebellum What are the integrative functions of the cerebrum? - ANSWER -cerebral activities (sleep & wakefulness), learning, memory, emotional response For arousal to occur ____________________________________ must be stimulated - ANSWER -reticular activating system What is the deepest stage of REM sleep? - ANSWER -stage 4 What are the first-order neurons in the olfactory pathway? - ANSWER -olfactory receptor cells Olfactory cilia extend from the dendrites and are sites of ________________________________ - ANSWER -olfactory transduction These olfactory epithelium cells provide physical support, nourishment, electrical insulation, and help detoxify chemicals once in the olfactory epithelium - ANSWER -Supporting cells Binding of an odorant to an olfactory receptor proteins in an olfactory cilium stimulates a membrane protein called a _________________ - ANSWER -G protein The G protein activates the enzyme _____________________ to produce a substance called cyclic adenosine monophosphate - ANSWER -adenylate cyclase Which papillae do not contain taste buds? - ANSWER -filiform papillae What taste threshold is the lowest? - ANSWER -Bitter taste What 3 nerves play a role in the gustatory pathway? - ANSWER -Vagus (X) nerve, Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, Facial (VII) nerve This is the thin protective mucous membrane composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells that is supported by areolar connective tissue - ANSWER -conjunctiva