1.critical thinking: thinking that does not automatically accept
arguments and conclusions. rather, it examines assumption, appraises
the source, discerned hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses
conclusions.
2.hindsight bias: the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome,
that one would have foreseen it
3.peer reviewers: scientific experts who evaluate a research article's
theory, orig- inality, and accuracy
4.theory: an explanation using an integrated set of principles that
organizes obser- vations and predicts behaviors or events
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, 5.Hypothesis: A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
6.falsifiable: the possibility that a hypothesized relationship can be
shown to be incorrect
7.operational definition: a carefully worded statement of the exact
procedures (operations) used in a research study. For example,
human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an
intelligence test measures.
8.case study: a non-experimental technique in which one individual or
group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
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