1.Psychology: The science of behavior and mental processes
2.Positive Psychology: A field of research that focuses on people's
positive expe- riences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism,
and resilience.
3.Biological Psychologists: Psychologists who analyze the biological
factors in- fluencing behavior and mental processes.
4.Developmental Psychologists: Psychologists who seek to
understand, de- scribe, and explore how behavior and mental
processes change over a lifetime.
5.Cognitive Psychologists: Psychologists who study the mental
processes un- derlying judgment, decision making, problem solving,
imagining, and other aspects of human thought or cognition. Also called
experimental psychologists.
6.Clinical And Counseling Psychologists: Psychologists who seek to
assess, understand, and change abnormal behavior.
7.Educational Psychologists: Psychologists who study methods by which
instruc- tors teach and students learn and who apply their results to
1/
14
, improving those methods
8.School Psychologists: Psychologists who test IQ's, diagnose students'
acade- mic problems, and set up programs to improve students'
achievement
9.Forensic Psychologists: Psychologists who assist in jury selection,
evaluate defendants mental competence to stand trial, and deal with
other issues involving psychology and the law.
10.Psychodynamic Approach: A view developed by Freud that
emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in
determining human thought, feelings, and behavior.
11.Behavioral Approach: An approach to psychology emphasizing that
human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned,
especially from rewards and punishments.
12.Critical Thinking: The process of assessing claims and making
judgments on the basis of well-supported evidence.
13.Hypothesis: In scientific research, a prediction stated as a specific,
testable proposition about a phenomenon.
14.Variable: A factor or characteristic that is manipulated or measured in
2/
14