Questions and Answers
1.Hindsight Bias:
ANS Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
2.¨After a football game, we credit the coach if a gusty play wins the game,
& fault the coach for the stupid play it it doesn't. How does this example
illustrate hindsight bias
ANS By knowing the outcome that the play was unsuccessful, the
speaker can call it stupid as if to suggest that he or she knew all along it
would happen
3.Overconfidence:
ANS Tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the
accuracy of our beliefs & judgments.
4.How are random events taken into consideration during both hindsight
bias & overconfidence
ANS -They lead us to overestimate our intuition
-In HB, a person wouldn't perceive their observation as random for they'
want the credit for knowing it all along
-For overconfidence, people want to believe they had a great qualities
1/
11
, naturally, not just by chance
5.What are the 3 main components of scientific method
ANS Curiosity, skepticism & humility
6.Why do you think skepticism is such an important part of the scientific
attitude
ANS -It is important to be skeptic & ask questions to shift reality such as
asking how they know
-Reveal which ideas best match the facts
7.Critical thinking & ex:
ANS -Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments/con- clusions.
Rather, it examines assumptions, assesses the source, discerns hidden
values, evaluates evidence & assesses conclusions
-
8.Theory & ex:
ANS Explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize what
we've observed
9.Hypothesis & ex:
ANS -Testable prediction, implied by a theory
-If I study every night for Ap psych, then I predict that I will get a good
grade on the test
2/
11