Pathophysiology HESI – HESI A2 & RN Program,
Nursing Education Comprehensive practice
questions with answers
Introduction:
This document contains an extensive collection of Pathophysiology HESI-
style practice questions with correct answers, covering major body
systems and disease processes relevant to nursing education. Topics
include immune disorders, cardiovascular and respiratory conditions,
renal and endocrine pathophysiology, hematologic disorders, oncology,
and neurologic diseases, making it a thorough review resource for HESI
and nursing exams.
Exam Questions and Answers:
Which patient should receive an emergency infusion of factor VII?
a. Patient with von Willebrand's disease having surgery
b. Patient with gunshot wound to chest
c. Patient with pernicious anemia
d. Patient with polycythemia vera ---Correct Answer---a. Patient with von
Willebrand's disease having surgery
Which patient would be an appropriate candidate for a transfusion of
whole blood?
a. Elderly woman with iron deficiency anemia
b. Septic patient with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)
,c. Trauma patient who is hemorrhaging
d. Patient with hemophilia A who is getting routine infusion ---Correct
Answer---c. Trauma patient who is hemorrhaging
What is the expected progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
a. Dysfunction of substance nigra in the brain causes reduction in
dopamine and development of progressive movement disorder
b. Acute inflammation of meninges causes nuchal rigidity, pain, headache
and high fever
c. Loss of cholinergic receptors in muscles leads to early muscle fatigue
and weakness
d. Destruction of motor neurons in brain and spinal cord cause
progressive muscle weakness ---Correct Answer---d. Destruction of
motor neurons in brain and spinal cord cause progressive muscle
weakness
What would be expected if a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm
(AAA) experiences a rupture of the aneurysm?
a. Sudden loss of circulation to one leg
b. Acute respiratory distress
c. Hypotension and shock
d. Proteinuria and edema ---Correct Answer---c. Hypotension and shock
Which of the following are risk factors for osteoporosis?
a. Repetitive stress to joint
,b. Being overweight
c. Low BMI (body mass index)
d. Being Caucasian
e. Smoking
f. Being male ---Correct Answer---c. Low BMI (body mass index)
d. Being Caucasian
e. Smoking
What hormone, released in a stressful situation, will cause alteration in
glucose metabolism?
a. Epinephrine
b. Renin
c. Erythropoietin
d. Cortisol ---Correct Answer---d. Cortisol
What is a true statement about the difference between diabetic ketonuria
(DKA) and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
a. DKA occurs with diabetics, HHS occurs in anyone
b. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, HHS is characterized by
hypoglycemia
c. DKA patients have ketones in the urine and blood; HHS patients do not
d. DKA is very dangerous; HHS is less serious ---Correct Answer---c. DKA
patients have ketones in the urine and blood; HHS patients do not
, Exophthalmos is caused by what mechanism?
a. Decreased cardiac output results in activation of RAAS system and
increased blood pressure
b. Increased inflammation of eyes affecting muscles and fatty tissue
around eye
c. Increased pressure in anterior chamber of eye causes hardening of
eyeball and blurring of vision
d. Inflammation of cornea causes intense pressure and pain in eye. ---
Correct Answer---b. Increased inflammation of eyes affecting muscles
and fatty tissue around eye
For what condition would a nurse teach a patient about 'stress dosing' of
steriods?
a. Cushing's disease
b. Acromegaly
c. Addison's disease
d. Hypothyroidism ---Correct Answer---c. Addison's disease
What is seen in early infections ('shift to the left')?
a. Increased B cells
b. Lymphocytosis
c. Thrombocytopenia
d. Bandemia ---Correct Answer---d. Bandemia
Nursing Education Comprehensive practice
questions with answers
Introduction:
This document contains an extensive collection of Pathophysiology HESI-
style practice questions with correct answers, covering major body
systems and disease processes relevant to nursing education. Topics
include immune disorders, cardiovascular and respiratory conditions,
renal and endocrine pathophysiology, hematologic disorders, oncology,
and neurologic diseases, making it a thorough review resource for HESI
and nursing exams.
Exam Questions and Answers:
Which patient should receive an emergency infusion of factor VII?
a. Patient with von Willebrand's disease having surgery
b. Patient with gunshot wound to chest
c. Patient with pernicious anemia
d. Patient with polycythemia vera ---Correct Answer---a. Patient with von
Willebrand's disease having surgery
Which patient would be an appropriate candidate for a transfusion of
whole blood?
a. Elderly woman with iron deficiency anemia
b. Septic patient with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)
,c. Trauma patient who is hemorrhaging
d. Patient with hemophilia A who is getting routine infusion ---Correct
Answer---c. Trauma patient who is hemorrhaging
What is the expected progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
a. Dysfunction of substance nigra in the brain causes reduction in
dopamine and development of progressive movement disorder
b. Acute inflammation of meninges causes nuchal rigidity, pain, headache
and high fever
c. Loss of cholinergic receptors in muscles leads to early muscle fatigue
and weakness
d. Destruction of motor neurons in brain and spinal cord cause
progressive muscle weakness ---Correct Answer---d. Destruction of
motor neurons in brain and spinal cord cause progressive muscle
weakness
What would be expected if a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm
(AAA) experiences a rupture of the aneurysm?
a. Sudden loss of circulation to one leg
b. Acute respiratory distress
c. Hypotension and shock
d. Proteinuria and edema ---Correct Answer---c. Hypotension and shock
Which of the following are risk factors for osteoporosis?
a. Repetitive stress to joint
,b. Being overweight
c. Low BMI (body mass index)
d. Being Caucasian
e. Smoking
f. Being male ---Correct Answer---c. Low BMI (body mass index)
d. Being Caucasian
e. Smoking
What hormone, released in a stressful situation, will cause alteration in
glucose metabolism?
a. Epinephrine
b. Renin
c. Erythropoietin
d. Cortisol ---Correct Answer---d. Cortisol
What is a true statement about the difference between diabetic ketonuria
(DKA) and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
a. DKA occurs with diabetics, HHS occurs in anyone
b. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, HHS is characterized by
hypoglycemia
c. DKA patients have ketones in the urine and blood; HHS patients do not
d. DKA is very dangerous; HHS is less serious ---Correct Answer---c. DKA
patients have ketones in the urine and blood; HHS patients do not
, Exophthalmos is caused by what mechanism?
a. Decreased cardiac output results in activation of RAAS system and
increased blood pressure
b. Increased inflammation of eyes affecting muscles and fatty tissue
around eye
c. Increased pressure in anterior chamber of eye causes hardening of
eyeball and blurring of vision
d. Inflammation of cornea causes intense pressure and pain in eye. ---
Correct Answer---b. Increased inflammation of eyes affecting muscles
and fatty tissue around eye
For what condition would a nurse teach a patient about 'stress dosing' of
steriods?
a. Cushing's disease
b. Acromegaly
c. Addison's disease
d. Hypothyroidism ---Correct Answer---c. Addison's disease
What is seen in early infections ('shift to the left')?
a. Increased B cells
b. Lymphocytosis
c. Thrombocytopenia
d. Bandemia ---Correct Answer---d. Bandemia
