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Summary AQA A Level Psychology Gender Notes

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In depth notes in Cornell Note format of AQA A Level Psychology Gender module. Notes include sex and gender, androgyny, the role of chromosomes and hormones, atypical sex chromosome patterns, Kohlberg’s theory, gender schema theory, psychodynamic explanations of gender development, social learning theory of gender development, influence of culture and media on gender roles, biological explanation of atypical gender development, and cognitive explanation of atypical gender development. Notes include content and evaluation produced by a top grade A Level student.

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Gender

,Sex and gender :




spec : sex and gender. Sex-role
Stereotypes


Sex : the biological anatomy Sex
:




between males and females Sex refers to a person's biological status as either a male or female. This is determined
by one pair of sex


including chromosomes, chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males) These chromosomes then influence hormonal differences
.

,
as


hormones and ancomy ·
Well as differences in
anatomy such as reproductive organs body shape, hair growth, ect
,
.




gender : the psychological, Gender :

social and cultural In contrast ,
gender refers to a person's psychological status as either masculine or


differences between boys/men feminine. This includes all the attitudes roles and behaviours that we ,
associate

and girls /women including with being a man' or ' being a woman and these are
heavily influenced by social norms

attitudes behaviours and ,
and cultural expectations. Sex is innate and the result of nature whilst gender is at least


social roles partly environmental and therefore due to nurture So, the .

argument is that because an individual's sex is innate


of notassigned at birth , it cannot be
'assigned as it is a social construct
Sex-role Stereotypes a set and changed. However gender is
:
,




beliefs and preconceived rather than a biological fact .
As gender is at least partly determined by nurture , it is notfixed but is rather

ideas about what is expected fluid and open to change. A person may become 'more masculine or more feminine' depending on the social

for men or women in a given context they are in , and the norms and expectations associated With it .




Gender dysphoria :
society or group.
For most their ,
biological sex and
gender identity correspond . Some however
, , experience gender dysphoria when

their
biologically prescribed sex does not reflect the
way they feel inside and the gender they identify themselves as

being Some who experience this may choose to have a gender reassignment order to
bring their sexual
.




surgery in


identity in like with their
gender identity
.
Sex-role Stereotypes :




These are a set of shared expectations that people within a
society or culture hold about that is acceptable or usual


behaviour for men and women These .
expectations are somehow communicated throughout society and may be

reinforced by parents , peers the media and other institutions such
,
as schools .
Although some sex-role Stereotypes
may contain a grain of truth many do not ,
and may lead to sexist assumptions being made
-

for example ,
that women cannot hold high positions as they are over-emotional.


Ingaihalihar et al (2014) scanned the brains of 949 young men and women to map connections between

different pans of the brain.
They found that women's brains have far better connections between hemispheres

Whilst men display more intense activity within the brain's individual pans. This concludes that women
may be


better at with the
multitasking , Which aligns Stereotype .
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