Nightingale College Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of the underlying changes in
body physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or
injury.
Pathology - CORRECT ANSWER-The investigation of structural alterations in
cells, tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-The naming or identification of a disease - is
made from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs
and symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests,
and imaging.
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas
,Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls and regulates the activities of the cell
(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the
hereditary information
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-An aqueous solution. The medium for
chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate
within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are
carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-Specializes in synthesis, folding,
and transport of protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is
sensing cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER-Responsible for processing and
packaging proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and
migrate to various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma
membrane.
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
(sugars).
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify
alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
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, Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the
site of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-Network of protein filaments within some
cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell
movement
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-The membrane at the boundary of
every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical
composition.
Signaling processes - CORRECT ANSWER-1. They display plasma membrane-
bound signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the cell itself and other cells in
direct physical contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to
enter the cell to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities
of adjacent cells
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Atrophy: - CORRECT ANSWER-Decrease in cell
size
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Hypertrophy: - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase in
cell size
Midterm Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of the underlying changes in
body physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or
injury.
Pathology - CORRECT ANSWER-The investigation of structural alterations in
cells, tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-The naming or identification of a disease - is
made from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs
and symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests,
and imaging.
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of tracking patterns or disease
occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas
,Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls and regulates the activities of the cell
(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the
hereditary information
Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-An aqueous solution. The medium for
chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate
within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are
carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-Specializes in synthesis, folding,
and transport of protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is
sensing cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER-Responsible for processing and
packaging proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and
migrate to various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma
membrane.
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
(sugars).
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify
alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the
site of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-Network of protein filaments within some
cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell
movement
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-The membrane at the boundary of
every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical
composition.
Signaling processes - CORRECT ANSWER-1. They display plasma membrane-
bound signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the cell itself and other cells in
direct physical contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to
enter the cell to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities
of adjacent cells
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Atrophy: - CORRECT ANSWER-Decrease in cell
size
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Hypertrophy: - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase in
cell size
