Nightingale Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Study of disease effects on body
functions.
Cellular Biology - CORRECT ANSWER-Foundation of life processes; study of
cells.
Prokaryotic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells without membrane-bound nucleus
or organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells with defined nucleus and
organelles.
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER-Control center containing genetic material
(DNA).
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Sites of protein synthesis in cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - CORRECT ANSWER-Network for protein and
lipid synthesis.
,Golgi Complex - CORRECT ANSWER-Modifies and packages proteins and
lipids.
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Digestive organelles breaking down waste.
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Detoxify harmful substances and metabolize
lipids.
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-Powerhouse generating ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation.
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-Structural framework providing cell shape
and support.
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Regulates entry and exit of substances.
Cell Junctions - CORRECT ANSWER-Structures facilitating cell-to-cell adhesion
and communication.
Tight Junctions - CORRECT ANSWER-Prevent leakage between adjacent cells.
Desmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Strong connections holding cells together.
Gap Junctions - CORRECT ANSWER-Channels allowing direct communication
between cells.
Intercellular Signaling - CORRECT ANSWER-Communication mechanisms
between cells.
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement of substances without
energy use.
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy-requiring movement of
substances across membranes.
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Breakdown of glucose producing ATP in
cytoplasm.
Anaerobic Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose breakdown without
oxygen, producing lactate.
Hypertonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Higher solute concentration outside
the cell.
Hypotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Lower solute concentration outside
the cell.
Isotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Equal solute concentration inside and
outside cell.
Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium influx reducing membrane
potential.
Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWER-Potassium efflux restoring resting
membrane potential.
Absolute Refractory Period - CORRECT ANSWER-Period when no new action
potential can occur.
Midterm Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Study of disease effects on body
functions.
Cellular Biology - CORRECT ANSWER-Foundation of life processes; study of
cells.
Prokaryotic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells without membrane-bound nucleus
or organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells - CORRECT ANSWER-Cells with defined nucleus and
organelles.
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER-Control center containing genetic material
(DNA).
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Sites of protein synthesis in cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - CORRECT ANSWER-Network for protein and
lipid synthesis.
,Golgi Complex - CORRECT ANSWER-Modifies and packages proteins and
lipids.
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Digestive organelles breaking down waste.
Peroxisomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Detoxify harmful substances and metabolize
lipids.
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER-Powerhouse generating ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation.
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-Structural framework providing cell shape
and support.
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Regulates entry and exit of substances.
Cell Junctions - CORRECT ANSWER-Structures facilitating cell-to-cell adhesion
and communication.
Tight Junctions - CORRECT ANSWER-Prevent leakage between adjacent cells.
Desmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-Strong connections holding cells together.
Gap Junctions - CORRECT ANSWER-Channels allowing direct communication
between cells.
Intercellular Signaling - CORRECT ANSWER-Communication mechanisms
between cells.
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement of substances without
energy use.
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy-requiring movement of
substances across membranes.
Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Breakdown of glucose producing ATP in
cytoplasm.
Anaerobic Glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Glucose breakdown without
oxygen, producing lactate.
Hypertonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Higher solute concentration outside
the cell.
Hypotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Lower solute concentration outside
the cell.
Isotonic Solution - CORRECT ANSWER-Equal solute concentration inside and
outside cell.
Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWER-Sodium influx reducing membrane
potential.
Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWER-Potassium efflux restoring resting
membrane potential.
Absolute Refractory Period - CORRECT ANSWER-Period when no new action
potential can occur.
