101. Describe the relationship between resting length and tension development in
smooth muscle.
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. smooth muscle can function and generate much more tension/force at
longer lengths more than skeletal muscle,
. can contract when its half resting length up to twice the resting length
,26. Identify the two primary types of myofilamentsfound in myofibrils.
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Thick filaments- Extend the entire length of the A bands. Interconnected in
the middle of the sarcomere at the M band. Made up of myosin
Thin filaments- Has actin. Extend across the I band ad partway to the A
band.
19. What is the function of myoglobin?
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A pigment that has a high affinity for Oxygen. Help to transfer oxygen from
the blood to the mitochondria.
87. Classify each muscle fiber type with respect to its predominant pathway for ATP
synthesis, the amount of myoglobin present, and the activity of its myosin ATPase
Give this one a try later!
Slow oxidative fiber (slow twitch) - high,slow
Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers (Fast twitch)-intermeidate,fast
Fast glycolytic fibers (fast twitch)-low,fast
21. Describe how the following organelles are modified or adapted for function in
skeletal muscle tissue: nucleus; mitochondria; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
,Give this one a try later!
nucleus- muscle fiber is multinucleated
smooth endoplasmic reticulum- smooth elaborate, interconnecting tubules
surround each myofibril, mostly run longitudinally (like a crochet sleeve),
usually located closely to mitochondria & glycosomes
at A band/ I band junctions are perpendicular tunnels that always come in
pairs called terminal cisternae, these are also part of the SR
Mitochondria- More mitochondria for the muscle needs energy to contract.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- It covers a muscle and has a new name
called Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.
8. Name the CT sheath that surrounds a fascicle. Of what type of CT is this sheath
composed?
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Perimysium, Dense Irrg CT
(Txtbk 9.2- A skeletal muscle is made up of muscle fibers,nerves,blood
vessels and CT tissues)
65. Explain the all-or-none law as it relates to skeletal muscle fibers. explain the all-or-
none law as it relates to motor units.
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, Characteristic of all muscles
-A single nerve impulse (via the single motor neuron) elicits a single
contraction event in all of the muscle fibers in the motor unit
- Does not apply to individual muscles as organs (as a whole)
ONE MUSCLE>>ONE CONTRACTION
66. What are graded muscle responses? What are the two general ways of producing
a graded muscle response?
Give this one a try later!
variations in the degree of muscle connotation by changing either the
frequency or strength of the stimulus
a)Muscle Response to Changes in Stimulus Frequency-The Nervous system
achieves greater muscular force by increasing the firing rate of motor
neurons. For example, if two identical stimuli (electrical shocks or nerve
impulses) are delivered to a muscle in rapid succession, the 2nd twitch will
be stronger than the first. On a myogram the 2nd twitch will appear to ride
on the shoulders of the first. Its called a wave. Occurs because the second
contraction occurs before the first one has completely relaxed.
b)Changing the Strength of stimulation- Multiple Motor Unit Summation or
recruitment controls the force of contraction. Achieved in the lab by
delivering shocks of increasing voltage to the muscle, calling more and
more muscle fibers into play.
(Txtbk-9.5-Wave summation and motor unit recruitment allow
smooth,graded skeletal muscle contractions)
60. What happens to force production in a muscle that is in extreme stretch or
contraction?
Give this one a try later!
smooth muscle.
Give this one a try later!
. smooth muscle can function and generate much more tension/force at
longer lengths more than skeletal muscle,
. can contract when its half resting length up to twice the resting length
,26. Identify the two primary types of myofilamentsfound in myofibrils.
Give this one a try later!
Thick filaments- Extend the entire length of the A bands. Interconnected in
the middle of the sarcomere at the M band. Made up of myosin
Thin filaments- Has actin. Extend across the I band ad partway to the A
band.
19. What is the function of myoglobin?
Give this one a try later!
A pigment that has a high affinity for Oxygen. Help to transfer oxygen from
the blood to the mitochondria.
87. Classify each muscle fiber type with respect to its predominant pathway for ATP
synthesis, the amount of myoglobin present, and the activity of its myosin ATPase
Give this one a try later!
Slow oxidative fiber (slow twitch) - high,slow
Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers (Fast twitch)-intermeidate,fast
Fast glycolytic fibers (fast twitch)-low,fast
21. Describe how the following organelles are modified or adapted for function in
skeletal muscle tissue: nucleus; mitochondria; smooth endoplasmic reticulum
,Give this one a try later!
nucleus- muscle fiber is multinucleated
smooth endoplasmic reticulum- smooth elaborate, interconnecting tubules
surround each myofibril, mostly run longitudinally (like a crochet sleeve),
usually located closely to mitochondria & glycosomes
at A band/ I band junctions are perpendicular tunnels that always come in
pairs called terminal cisternae, these are also part of the SR
Mitochondria- More mitochondria for the muscle needs energy to contract.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- It covers a muscle and has a new name
called Sarcoplasmic Reticulum.
8. Name the CT sheath that surrounds a fascicle. Of what type of CT is this sheath
composed?
Give this one a try later!
Perimysium, Dense Irrg CT
(Txtbk 9.2- A skeletal muscle is made up of muscle fibers,nerves,blood
vessels and CT tissues)
65. Explain the all-or-none law as it relates to skeletal muscle fibers. explain the all-or-
none law as it relates to motor units.
Give this one a try later!
, Characteristic of all muscles
-A single nerve impulse (via the single motor neuron) elicits a single
contraction event in all of the muscle fibers in the motor unit
- Does not apply to individual muscles as organs (as a whole)
ONE MUSCLE>>ONE CONTRACTION
66. What are graded muscle responses? What are the two general ways of producing
a graded muscle response?
Give this one a try later!
variations in the degree of muscle connotation by changing either the
frequency or strength of the stimulus
a)Muscle Response to Changes in Stimulus Frequency-The Nervous system
achieves greater muscular force by increasing the firing rate of motor
neurons. For example, if two identical stimuli (electrical shocks or nerve
impulses) are delivered to a muscle in rapid succession, the 2nd twitch will
be stronger than the first. On a myogram the 2nd twitch will appear to ride
on the shoulders of the first. Its called a wave. Occurs because the second
contraction occurs before the first one has completely relaxed.
b)Changing the Strength of stimulation- Multiple Motor Unit Summation or
recruitment controls the force of contraction. Achieved in the lab by
delivering shocks of increasing voltage to the muscle, calling more and
more muscle fibers into play.
(Txtbk-9.5-Wave summation and motor unit recruitment allow
smooth,graded skeletal muscle contractions)
60. What happens to force production in a muscle that is in extreme stretch or
contraction?
Give this one a try later!
