y, 54- 2025-
2026
Chapter 01: Introduction to
PathophysiologyBanasik: Pathophysiology,
7th Edition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed
apharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin
y,
rash,d ysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore
y,
throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics
havebeen prescribed. The etiologyof C.Q.’s disease is
a. asorethroat.
b. streptococcalinfection.
c. geneticsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiologyrefers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat isthe
y,
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to
develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
manifestation of the disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that
causesmeningitis. This is an example of
y,
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: A
Primaryprevention is prevention of disease byalteringsusceptibilityor reducing exposure
forsusceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Diseasetreatment involves management of the diseaseonce it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exerciseprogram. This is an example of
y,
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: B
Secondaryprevention is the earlydetection, screening, and management of the diseasesuch
asprescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary
y,
prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
,4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict
sodiumintake. This is an example of
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as
by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is preventionofy,
disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has
developed.
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
loweringm edication. This is an example of
y,
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
alteringsusceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention
y,
is theearly detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
ofthis disease. This stageof illness is called the
y, stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of atissue to an injurious agent and the
firstappearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
y,
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms
indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refersto y,
subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of
recoveryafter adisease, injury, or surgical operation.
7. Adisease that is nativeto aparticular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease
thatspreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
y,
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
distribution pattern.
8. In general, withaging, organsizeand function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainthe same.
d. areunknown.
ANS: B
In general, withaging, organsizeand functiondecrease.
9. Thestageduringwhich thepatient functions normally, although the diseaseprocesses are
wellestablished, is referred to as
y,
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B
Thestageduringwhich thepatient functions normally, although the diseaseprocesses are
wellestablished, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an
y,
injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or,
in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome,
refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.
Convalescence is thestageof recoveryafteradisease, injury, or surgical operation.
MULTIPLERESPONSE
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained
by(Select all that apply.)
a. genderdifference.
b. situationalfactors.
c. normalvariation.
d. culturalvariation.
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender,situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, andillness mayall determine red bloodcell
y,
count. Cultureaffects howmanifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
2. Socioeconomicfactors influence diseasedevelopment because of (Select all that apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS: B, C, D, E
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental
toxins(occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g.,
in developingcountries). Genetics is not influenced bysocioeconomic factors.
3. When determining additional data to gather before making a diagnosis, what factors need tob e y,
considered? (Select all that apply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS: A, C
Two considerations one must use when choosing additional data to gather include the
reliability and validity of the tests being weighed. Reliability, or precision, is the ability of a
test to give the same result in repeated measurements. Validity, or accuracy, is the degree to
which a measurement reflects the true value of the object it is intended to measure.
Expense,generalizability, and repetition arenot characteristics that aretypicallyconsidered.
,
y
4. Which of the following statements are accurate when considering diagnostic testing for
anindividual with a possible medical condition? (Select all that apply.)
y,
a. Themoreoften apatient has a test, the moreaccurate the averageresult is.
b. Sensitivityis the chance the test will be positive if the hypothesized disease
ispresent.
y,
c. Testing is generallynot accurateduringthe prodromal stageto make adiagnosis.
y,
d. Specificity shows that a test will be negative if the person does not have
thedisease.
e. Reliabilitydemonstrates atest is accurate under anumberof different conditions.
ANS: B, D
Sensitivity is the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the
condition. Specificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person
whodoes not have agiven condition. Test results are usuallynot aggregated and averaged.
y,
Adisease process is well established during the prodromal phase of illness, so some
diagnostictesting would indicate its presence. Reliability, or precision, is the ability of a test to
y,
give thesame result in repeated measurements.
y,
Chapter02:Homeostasis, Allostasis, andAdaptiveResponsesto
StressorsBanasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Indicatorsthat an individual is experiencinghigh stressinclude all thefollowing except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increasedperipheralresistance.
d. pupilconstriction.
ANS: D
2026
Chapter 01: Introduction to
PathophysiologyBanasik: Pathophysiology,
7th Edition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed
apharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin
y,
rash,d ysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore
y,
throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics
havebeen prescribed. The etiologyof C.Q.’s disease is
a. asorethroat.
b. streptococcalinfection.
c. geneticsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiologyrefers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat isthe
y,
manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to
develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical
manifestation of the disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that
causesmeningitis. This is an example of
y,
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: A
Primaryprevention is prevention of disease byalteringsusceptibilityor reducing exposure
forsusceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the
early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Diseasetreatment involves management of the diseaseonce it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exerciseprogram. This is an example of
y,
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: B
Secondaryprevention is the earlydetection, screening, and management of the diseasesuch
asprescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Primary
y,
prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for
susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and
attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
,4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict
sodiumintake. This is an example of
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as
by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is preventionofy,
disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has
developed.
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
loweringm edication. This is an example of
y,
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by
alteringsusceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention
y,
is theearly detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
ofthis disease. This stageof illness is called the
y, stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of atissue to an injurious agent and the
firstappearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
y,
incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms
indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise,
anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequela refersto y,
subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is the stage of
recoveryafter adisease, injury, or surgical operation.
7. Adisease that is nativeto aparticular region is called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease
thatspreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
y,
geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disease
distribution pattern.
8. In general, withaging, organsizeand function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainthe same.
d. areunknown.
ANS: B
In general, withaging, organsizeand functiondecrease.
9. Thestageduringwhich thepatient functions normally, although the diseaseprocesses are
wellestablished, is referred to as
y,
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B
Thestageduringwhich thepatient functions normally, although the diseaseprocesses are
wellestablished, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an
y,
injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or,
in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome,
refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.
Convalescence is thestageof recoveryafteradisease, injury, or surgical operation.
MULTIPLERESPONSE
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained
by(Select all that apply.)
a. genderdifference.
b. situationalfactors.
c. normalvariation.
d. culturalvariation.
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Gender,situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, andillness mayall determine red bloodcell
y,
count. Cultureaffects howmanifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
2. Socioeconomicfactors influence diseasedevelopment because of (Select all that apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS: B, C, D, E
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental
toxins(occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g.,
in developingcountries). Genetics is not influenced bysocioeconomic factors.
3. When determining additional data to gather before making a diagnosis, what factors need tob e y,
considered? (Select all that apply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS: A, C
Two considerations one must use when choosing additional data to gather include the
reliability and validity of the tests being weighed. Reliability, or precision, is the ability of a
test to give the same result in repeated measurements. Validity, or accuracy, is the degree to
which a measurement reflects the true value of the object it is intended to measure.
Expense,generalizability, and repetition arenot characteristics that aretypicallyconsidered.
,
y
4. Which of the following statements are accurate when considering diagnostic testing for
anindividual with a possible medical condition? (Select all that apply.)
y,
a. Themoreoften apatient has a test, the moreaccurate the averageresult is.
b. Sensitivityis the chance the test will be positive if the hypothesized disease
ispresent.
y,
c. Testing is generallynot accurateduringthe prodromal stageto make adiagnosis.
y,
d. Specificity shows that a test will be negative if the person does not have
thedisease.
e. Reliabilitydemonstrates atest is accurate under anumberof different conditions.
ANS: B, D
Sensitivity is the probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with the
condition. Specificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person
whodoes not have agiven condition. Test results are usuallynot aggregated and averaged.
y,
Adisease process is well established during the prodromal phase of illness, so some
diagnostictesting would indicate its presence. Reliability, or precision, is the ability of a test to
y,
give thesame result in repeated measurements.
y,
Chapter02:Homeostasis, Allostasis, andAdaptiveResponsesto
StressorsBanasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Indicatorsthat an individual is experiencinghigh stressinclude all thefollowing except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increasedperipheralresistance.
d. pupilconstriction.
ANS: D
