MCB 100 UIUC FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
What would be the best way to avoid resistance using an antimicrobial drug?
A. Use a single drug that acts on a single target.
B. Use multiple drugs that act on multiple targets.
C. Use multiple drugs that act on a single target.
D. Use a single drug that acts on multiple targets.
E. None of these approaches would help avoid resistance - Answers -B. Use multiple
drugs that act on multiple targets.
Which of the following does not explain why pathogens are less likely to develop
resistance to vaccines than to antimicrobial drugs?
A. Vaccines often target multiple parts of the pathogen.
B. Vaccines kill microbes more rapidly than antimicrobial drugs.
C. Vaccines can involve both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
D. Vaccines minimize the chance of transmitting a resistant strain of pathogen.
E. Vaccines act at an earlier stage of infection than antimicrobial drugs. - Answers -B.
Vaccines kill microbes more rapidly than antimicrobial drugs.
Would antigenic drift or antigenic shift be more likely to cause influenza vaccine failure?
A. Antigenic drift
B. Antigenic shift
C. They would be equally likely to cause vaccine failure
D. Neither of these processes would cause vaccine failure.
E. I forgot what antigenic drift and shift were since the last exam. - Answers -B.
Antigenic shift
Which of the following vaccine approaches would not help avoid original antigenic sin?
A. Include multiple serotypes (strains) of the same pathogen in the vaccine.
B. Include a second serotype of pathogen during the second boost of the vaccine
regimen.
C. Include dendritic cell adjuvants in the vaccine to stimulate an immune response to
multiple pathogen serotypes.
D. Include one specific protein target from the pathogen in the vaccine.
E. Include multiple serotypes of a pathogen in a recombinant vaccine. - Answers -D.
Include one specific protein target from the pathogen in the vaccine.
Which of the following is not a reason HIV is a difficult vaccine target?
, A. HIV is coated with host proteins.
B. HIV covers its antigens with host molecules.
C. HIV minimizes the number of antigens on its surface.
D. HIV is a sexually transmitted disease.
E. HIV can remain in a dormant state. - Answers -D. HIV is a sexually transmitted
disease.
Development of new vaccines has slowed in recent decades. This is due to
A. the ineffectiveness of vaccines against many diseases.
B. the availability of vaccines against nearly all serious diseases.
C. the low cost of development and infrastructure for immunization.
D. the high level of risk with immunization that cause adverse effects.
E. a lack of need with the availability of other modern treatments. - Answers -D. the
high level of risk with immunization that cause adverse effects.
Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1979. Which of the following best describes what
this means and how it differs from elimination of the disease?
A. Eradication refers to the complete and permanent worldwide reduction to zero new
cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. Elimination refers to the complete and
permanent worldwide reduction to zero new cases of the disease through deliberate
efforts.
B. Eradication refers to the complete and permanent worldwide reduction to zero new
cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. Elimination refers to the reduction to
zero (or a very low defined target rate) of new cases in a defined geographical area.
C. Eradication refers to the reduction to zero (or a very low defined target rate) of new
cases in a defined geographical area. Elimination refers to the complete and permanent
worldwide reduction to zero new cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. -
Answers -B. Eradication refers to the complete and permanent worldwide reduction to
zero new cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. Elimination refers to the
reduction to zero (or a very low defined target rate) of new cases in a defined
geographical area.
Although vaccines used in national immunization programs are considered safe and
effective, vaccines are not risk-free and adverse events will occasionally occur following
vaccination. Public trust in vaccine safety is key to the success of vaccination programs.
An adverse event following immunization is any untoward medical occurrence after
immunization, which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of
the vaccine. Which of the following is a correct statement with regard to an adverse
event following immunization?
A. An adverse event following immunization can be due to any adverse vaccine reaction
caused or precipitated by a vaccine-related event when the vaccine administered
correctly.
What would be the best way to avoid resistance using an antimicrobial drug?
A. Use a single drug that acts on a single target.
B. Use multiple drugs that act on multiple targets.
C. Use multiple drugs that act on a single target.
D. Use a single drug that acts on multiple targets.
E. None of these approaches would help avoid resistance - Answers -B. Use multiple
drugs that act on multiple targets.
Which of the following does not explain why pathogens are less likely to develop
resistance to vaccines than to antimicrobial drugs?
A. Vaccines often target multiple parts of the pathogen.
B. Vaccines kill microbes more rapidly than antimicrobial drugs.
C. Vaccines can involve both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
D. Vaccines minimize the chance of transmitting a resistant strain of pathogen.
E. Vaccines act at an earlier stage of infection than antimicrobial drugs. - Answers -B.
Vaccines kill microbes more rapidly than antimicrobial drugs.
Would antigenic drift or antigenic shift be more likely to cause influenza vaccine failure?
A. Antigenic drift
B. Antigenic shift
C. They would be equally likely to cause vaccine failure
D. Neither of these processes would cause vaccine failure.
E. I forgot what antigenic drift and shift were since the last exam. - Answers -B.
Antigenic shift
Which of the following vaccine approaches would not help avoid original antigenic sin?
A. Include multiple serotypes (strains) of the same pathogen in the vaccine.
B. Include a second serotype of pathogen during the second boost of the vaccine
regimen.
C. Include dendritic cell adjuvants in the vaccine to stimulate an immune response to
multiple pathogen serotypes.
D. Include one specific protein target from the pathogen in the vaccine.
E. Include multiple serotypes of a pathogen in a recombinant vaccine. - Answers -D.
Include one specific protein target from the pathogen in the vaccine.
Which of the following is not a reason HIV is a difficult vaccine target?
, A. HIV is coated with host proteins.
B. HIV covers its antigens with host molecules.
C. HIV minimizes the number of antigens on its surface.
D. HIV is a sexually transmitted disease.
E. HIV can remain in a dormant state. - Answers -D. HIV is a sexually transmitted
disease.
Development of new vaccines has slowed in recent decades. This is due to
A. the ineffectiveness of vaccines against many diseases.
B. the availability of vaccines against nearly all serious diseases.
C. the low cost of development and infrastructure for immunization.
D. the high level of risk with immunization that cause adverse effects.
E. a lack of need with the availability of other modern treatments. - Answers -D. the
high level of risk with immunization that cause adverse effects.
Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1979. Which of the following best describes what
this means and how it differs from elimination of the disease?
A. Eradication refers to the complete and permanent worldwide reduction to zero new
cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. Elimination refers to the complete and
permanent worldwide reduction to zero new cases of the disease through deliberate
efforts.
B. Eradication refers to the complete and permanent worldwide reduction to zero new
cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. Elimination refers to the reduction to
zero (or a very low defined target rate) of new cases in a defined geographical area.
C. Eradication refers to the reduction to zero (or a very low defined target rate) of new
cases in a defined geographical area. Elimination refers to the complete and permanent
worldwide reduction to zero new cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. -
Answers -B. Eradication refers to the complete and permanent worldwide reduction to
zero new cases of the disease through deliberate efforts. Elimination refers to the
reduction to zero (or a very low defined target rate) of new cases in a defined
geographical area.
Although vaccines used in national immunization programs are considered safe and
effective, vaccines are not risk-free and adverse events will occasionally occur following
vaccination. Public trust in vaccine safety is key to the success of vaccination programs.
An adverse event following immunization is any untoward medical occurrence after
immunization, which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the usage of
the vaccine. Which of the following is a correct statement with regard to an adverse
event following immunization?
A. An adverse event following immunization can be due to any adverse vaccine reaction
caused or precipitated by a vaccine-related event when the vaccine administered
correctly.
