well answers graded A+ 2025/2026
Politics - correct answer ✔✔who gets what, when, and how
Policy - correct answer ✔✔distributive, redistributive, and regulatory
How do policy items get on decision makers agenda? - correct answer ✔✔public lets them
know (voters)
ration decision making - correct answer ✔✔-define the problem
-generate possible solutions
-generate objective assessment criteria
-choose best solution
-implement solution
-monitor, evaluate and seek feedback
satisficing - correct answer ✔✔choosing policies that are not optimum, but "good enough";
muddling through
incrementalism - correct answer ✔✔considering only a few policy alternatives that are not
much different from what is currently being done; small incremental changes as opposed to
major, sweeting changes
garbage can model - correct answer ✔✔-collection of choices looking for problems
,-problems, solutions, participants and choice opportunities flow in and out of a garbage can,
and which problems get attached to solutions is largely due to chance
participatory model - correct answer ✔✔diverse group of people will provide input on policy;
usually through public meetings and hearings
elite theory - correct answer ✔✔key decisions dominated by a few key leaders
public choice - correct answer ✔✔decisions made in the self- interest of government agencies;
to minimize risks and maximize rewards for agency
ethics - correct answer ✔✔a set of normative guidelines directed at resolving conflicts of
interest so as to enhance societal well being
--doing what is right
--has basis in moral values
morality - correct answer ✔✔understanding the distinction between right and wrong and living
according to that understanding
morality is the _________ of ethics - correct answer ✔✔foundation
ethics is the philosophy - correct answer ✔✔of how that morality guides individual and group
behavior
two types of ethics - correct answer ✔✔-teleological
-deontological
, teleological - correct answer ✔✔describes an ethical perspective that contends to the rightness
or wrongness of actions is based solely on the goodness or badness of their consequences; ends
justify the means
deontological - correct answer ✔✔based on principle; moral actions are evaluated on the basis
of inherent rightness or wrongness rather than goodness or a primary consideration of
consequences
administrative ethics emphasize - correct answer ✔✔-integrity
-duty/ acting in the public interest
-primacy of law
-importance of sound management
-need to avoid conflicts of interest
waldo's ethical obligation of US public administrators - correct answer ✔✔-constitution
-law
-nation/ country
-democracy
-organizational/ bureaucratic norms
-profession and professionalism
waldo's responsibility for moral and ethical behaviors - correct answer ✔✔begin at the top of
the hierarchical pyramid and filer downward
-most problems begin with small violations of ethics and spread like cancer
rohr believes that - correct answer ✔✔public administrators should use their discretionary
power in manner consistent with values of the people in whose name they govern