NR667 - CEA Week 1-6 Comprehensive
Review before Chicago 2025
Save
Terms in this set (360)
Hypertension is defined as BP ≥140/90 mmHg
Hypertension
(per JNC8).
Non-Black population Start with thiazide diuretic, ACE inhibitor, ARB,
treatment or CCB.
,Black population Start with thiazide diuretic or CCB.
treatment
Include ACE inhibitor or ARB for kidney
DM or CKD treatment
protection.
Age ≥60 years Treat if BP ≥150/90 mmHg.
treatment
Age <60 years Treat if BP ≥140/90 mmHg.
treatment
Contractility Force of cardiac muscle contraction.
Volume in ventricles at end-diastole (central
Preload
venous volume).
Resistance heart must pump against (arterial
Afterload
pressure).
Calcification narrows aortic valve → outflow
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
obstruction.
,Aortic Regurgitation Incompetent aortic valve due to root dilation
(AR) or endocarditis.
Often post-rheumatic fever, calcification of
Mitral Stenosis (MS)
mitral valve.
Mitral Regurgitation Commonly due to MI, CHF-induced LV
(MR) dilation, papillary rupture, or endocarditis.
Direct Oral Do NOT require INR monitoring.
Anticoagulants
(DOACs)
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), Apixaban (Eliquis),
Factor Xa inhibitors
Edoxaban (Savaysa).
Direct thrombin Dabigatran (Pradaxa).
inhibitor
Onset: Delayed — requires bridging with
Warfarin (Coumadin)
LMWH or heparin.
, Bridging is required until INR reaches ≥2.0 for
Bridging with Warfarin
at least 24 hours.
Dose-dependent: low = renal perfusion, high =
Dopamine
pressor.
Dobutamine Inotrope (↑ contractility).
Norepinephrine Vasoconstrictor + mild inotrope.
(Levophed)
Epinephrine Mixed alpha & beta agonist.
Nitroglycerin Venodilator; ↓ Preload; avoid if hypotensive.
Potent arterial/venous vasodilator; risk of
Nitroprusside
cyanide toxicity with prolonged use.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors used as first-
Statins
line therapy for lipid management.
Review before Chicago 2025
Save
Terms in this set (360)
Hypertension is defined as BP ≥140/90 mmHg
Hypertension
(per JNC8).
Non-Black population Start with thiazide diuretic, ACE inhibitor, ARB,
treatment or CCB.
,Black population Start with thiazide diuretic or CCB.
treatment
Include ACE inhibitor or ARB for kidney
DM or CKD treatment
protection.
Age ≥60 years Treat if BP ≥150/90 mmHg.
treatment
Age <60 years Treat if BP ≥140/90 mmHg.
treatment
Contractility Force of cardiac muscle contraction.
Volume in ventricles at end-diastole (central
Preload
venous volume).
Resistance heart must pump against (arterial
Afterload
pressure).
Calcification narrows aortic valve → outflow
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
obstruction.
,Aortic Regurgitation Incompetent aortic valve due to root dilation
(AR) or endocarditis.
Often post-rheumatic fever, calcification of
Mitral Stenosis (MS)
mitral valve.
Mitral Regurgitation Commonly due to MI, CHF-induced LV
(MR) dilation, papillary rupture, or endocarditis.
Direct Oral Do NOT require INR monitoring.
Anticoagulants
(DOACs)
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), Apixaban (Eliquis),
Factor Xa inhibitors
Edoxaban (Savaysa).
Direct thrombin Dabigatran (Pradaxa).
inhibitor
Onset: Delayed — requires bridging with
Warfarin (Coumadin)
LMWH or heparin.
, Bridging is required until INR reaches ≥2.0 for
Bridging with Warfarin
at least 24 hours.
Dose-dependent: low = renal perfusion, high =
Dopamine
pressor.
Dobutamine Inotrope (↑ contractility).
Norepinephrine Vasoconstrictor + mild inotrope.
(Levophed)
Epinephrine Mixed alpha & beta agonist.
Nitroglycerin Venodilator; ↓ Preload; avoid if hypotensive.
Potent arterial/venous vasodilator; risk of
Nitroprusside
cyanide toxicity with prolonged use.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors used as first-
Statins
line therapy for lipid management.
