Ch. 20
4.Why are infants more prone to developing respiratory distress from a respiratory
virus than are school-age children?
Give this one a try later!
Infants are more prone to respiratory distress than are older children
because of the anatomical differences that increase their risk for
obstruction, such as:
- a larger head
- floppy epiglottis
- narrow cricoid area
- a narrower airway that increases airway resistance
- smaller nasopharynx
- larger tongue
- smaller oral cavity.
,Ch. 20
1.A 3-month-old presents to the clinic with a 2-day history of congestion and cough.
The mother reports that the child is more sleepy than usual and barely took any of her
bottle this morning. What signs and symptoms should the nurse look for to determine
whether the infant is experiencing respiratory distress?
Give this one a try later!
The nurse should assess the child for signs of respiratory distress—
- Nasal flaring
- Retractions (suprasternal, substernal, subcostal, intercostal, or
supraclavicular)
- Grunting
- Use of accessory muscles
- Head bobbing
- Observe the respiratory pattern and rate. Tachypnea (>35 breaths/min in a
3-year-old) may be present.
Ch. 23
6.A 4-year-old girl presents to the emergency room with moderate dehydration. The
child weighs 42 lb (19 kg).
The provider orders a fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg of 0.9 normal saline and then to start
the child on maintenance IV fluids at 42 mL/h.
How many milliliters should the bolus be written for?
Is 42 mL/h the correct maintenance intravenous fluid (MIVF) rate for this child?
Give this one a try later!
, First convert the pounds to kilograms: 42 lb = 19.1 kg (42/2.2 = 19.1).
To verify the correct rate for the fluid bolus, multiply 20 mL/kg by 19.1 kg,
which equals 382 mL.
To verify the correct MIVF rate, use the following formula: 4 mL/kg for the
first 10 kg, 2 mL/kg for the next 10 kg, and 1 mL/kg for any remaining
kilograms.
Therefore, 10 × 4 = 40, and 9.1 × 2 = 18.2; 40 + 18.2 = 58.2. The child's MIVF
should run at 58.2 mL/h.
The order is for 42 mL/h, so the nurse should question the provider
regarding the adequacy of the MIVF rate.
Ch. 5
5.What are important cultural considerations when caring for a Muslim family?
Give this one a try later!
When caring for families that practice the Muslim religion, be cognizant of
prayer time and the tradition of facing east during prayers. Ensure that the
child and family are provided with the appropriate religious diet, such as
halal meat. Allow the families to practice fasting, if appropriate, during
religious holidays. Women of the Muslim faith should not be seen by men,
other than their husbands, without a hijab. Placing a sign on the door of the
child's hospital room to knock before entering allows women to be dressed
appropriately when male staff enter the room. In addition, a privacy screen
may be placed in the room for the female family members.
Ch. 15
3.Develop a plan for optimal nutrition in the first year of life.
Give this one a try later!
4.Why are infants more prone to developing respiratory distress from a respiratory
virus than are school-age children?
Give this one a try later!
Infants are more prone to respiratory distress than are older children
because of the anatomical differences that increase their risk for
obstruction, such as:
- a larger head
- floppy epiglottis
- narrow cricoid area
- a narrower airway that increases airway resistance
- smaller nasopharynx
- larger tongue
- smaller oral cavity.
,Ch. 20
1.A 3-month-old presents to the clinic with a 2-day history of congestion and cough.
The mother reports that the child is more sleepy than usual and barely took any of her
bottle this morning. What signs and symptoms should the nurse look for to determine
whether the infant is experiencing respiratory distress?
Give this one a try later!
The nurse should assess the child for signs of respiratory distress—
- Nasal flaring
- Retractions (suprasternal, substernal, subcostal, intercostal, or
supraclavicular)
- Grunting
- Use of accessory muscles
- Head bobbing
- Observe the respiratory pattern and rate. Tachypnea (>35 breaths/min in a
3-year-old) may be present.
Ch. 23
6.A 4-year-old girl presents to the emergency room with moderate dehydration. The
child weighs 42 lb (19 kg).
The provider orders a fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg of 0.9 normal saline and then to start
the child on maintenance IV fluids at 42 mL/h.
How many milliliters should the bolus be written for?
Is 42 mL/h the correct maintenance intravenous fluid (MIVF) rate for this child?
Give this one a try later!
, First convert the pounds to kilograms: 42 lb = 19.1 kg (42/2.2 = 19.1).
To verify the correct rate for the fluid bolus, multiply 20 mL/kg by 19.1 kg,
which equals 382 mL.
To verify the correct MIVF rate, use the following formula: 4 mL/kg for the
first 10 kg, 2 mL/kg for the next 10 kg, and 1 mL/kg for any remaining
kilograms.
Therefore, 10 × 4 = 40, and 9.1 × 2 = 18.2; 40 + 18.2 = 58.2. The child's MIVF
should run at 58.2 mL/h.
The order is for 42 mL/h, so the nurse should question the provider
regarding the adequacy of the MIVF rate.
Ch. 5
5.What are important cultural considerations when caring for a Muslim family?
Give this one a try later!
When caring for families that practice the Muslim religion, be cognizant of
prayer time and the tradition of facing east during prayers. Ensure that the
child and family are provided with the appropriate religious diet, such as
halal meat. Allow the families to practice fasting, if appropriate, during
religious holidays. Women of the Muslim faith should not be seen by men,
other than their husbands, without a hijab. Placing a sign on the door of the
child's hospital room to knock before entering allows women to be dressed
appropriately when male staff enter the room. In addition, a privacy screen
may be placed in the room for the female family members.
Ch. 15
3.Develop a plan for optimal nutrition in the first year of life.
Give this one a try later!
