Carbohydrate Metabolism Exam Bundle Graded A+

Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Sugars and poylymers of sugars; the primary source of energy for the cell. They always contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Glycosidic Bond - ANSWER-The bond between the hydroxyl group of the C-1 carbon of one sugar and a hydroxyl group of another sugar. Met...

Hexokinase - ANSWER-Glycolysis, Step 1, Glucose to Glucose 6 Phosphate. Nonreversible : Glucose 6 phosphatase phosphoglucose isomerase - ANSWER-Glycolysis, Step 2, Glucose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 6 Phosphate. Reversible phosphofructokinase - ANSWER-Glycolysis, Step 3, Fructose 6 Phosph...

What is the body's response to a hyperglycemic state? - ANSWER-determine if energy needs to be produced, if not does glycogen stores need to be made, if not fat storage What hormone responds to hyperglycemic state in the body? - ANSWER-Insulin What is the body's response to hypoglycemic stat...

Irreversible enzymes in glycolysis - ANSWER-hexokinase/ glucokinase Phosphofructokinase (PFK 1) pyruvate kinase rate limiting enzymes in glycolysis - ANSWER-Phosphofructokinase 1 regulation of PFK-1 when glycolysis for energy - ANSWER-inhibited- ATP and citrate stimulated- AMP regulation...

Carbohydrate Metabolism - ANSWER-Breakdown of carbohydrate molecules to produce energy; Pertains mainly to glucose metabolism; preferred energy source for cells; Released energy is trapped for ATP synthesis; 2 processes in carbohydrate metabolism (catabolism) - ANSWER-1) Cellular respiration: com...

What is carbohydrate catabolism? - ANSWER--the breakdown (oxidation) of glucose to form water and ATP through a series of steps What are the pathways of carbohydrate catabolism? - ANSWER--glycolysis -krebs cycle -electron transport chain -oxidative phosphorylation What is glycolysis? - ANSW...

Metabolism - ANSWER-Sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism Catabolism - ANSWER-Large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones Anabolism - ANSWER-Small biochemical molecules are joined to form larger ones Metabolic pathway - ANSWER-Series of consecutive biochemical r...

What is gluconeogenesis? - ANSWER-Production of glucose from non-carbs. How many reactions in gluconeogenesis? - ANSWER-11 reactions When does gluconeogenesis occur? - ANSWER-when dietary sources of glucose are low Where does gluconeogenesis occur? - ANSWER-mostly in the cytoplasm, except P...

Why is ATP called the 'universal energy currency'? - ANSWER-ATP is called the universal energy currency because it is the major molecule used by all organisms to store energy List five biological activities that require ATP - ANSWER-Five biological activities that require ATP energy include bio...

Catabolism - ANSWER-degradation of the fuel molecule which provides energy for cellular energy related functions What do cells do to glucose in order to harvest energy? - ANSWER-oxidize glucose Where is energy stored? - ANSWER-Bonds in ATP Combustion of 1 mol of glucose yields how much ener...

Carbohydrate Metabolism - ANSWER--refers to the actions that involve breakdown of the monosaccharide glucose catabolism - ANSWER--set of reaction that involve breakdown of a larger molecule/polymer into smaller units in goal to harness energy via series of reactions oxidative carbohydrate meta...

What is the major function of carbohydrates in the body? - ANSWER-Structural components Glycolysis, anaerobic fermentation, and aerobic respiration are the three major pathways for the catabolism (breakdown) of - ANSWER-glucose The process of glycolysis results in net gain of how many molecule...

What levels of a fasting plasma glucose is indicative of diabetes? - ANSWER-126mg/dL What is the enzyme in our mouths and intestines that help covert complex carbs to glucose? - ANSWER-Amylase How are carbohydrates classified? (4) - ANSWER-1. Number of carbon atoms 2. Location of the function...

What is the point of Glycolysis - ANSWER-To make: ATP, NADH and Pyruvate *Occurs in the Cytoplasm in almost every cell* -Is an anaerobic process -ATP production -NADH production (in aerobic organisms, a source of more ATP) -Pyruvate, in aerobic leads in to catabolism, the CAC Glycolysis - P...

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex - ANSWER-Complex includes three enzymes that collectively remove a carboxylate group from pyruvate and produce acetyl-CoA and NADH. What type of bond gives Acetyl-CoA the energy to be able to drive other reactions when hydrolysis occurs? - ANSWER-thioester bond P...

Why are proteins called building blocks? - ANSWER-• All body cells are made of proteins. The protein we eat is used for growth and repair of all cells - not just muscle but also blood, bones, tendons, organs, hair, fingernails, etc. • Proteins are also used for making hormones and enzymes. •...