Human Physiology And Disease (BIOS5130)

Unlock the secrets of the human body through real-world clinical cases that bridge anatomy, physiology, and patient care.This collection of comprehensive case studies integrates core concepts of human anatomy and physiology with clinical scenarios, highlighting the relationship between structure and function across major body systems. It covers cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, digestive, renal, reproductive, hematologic, immune, and integumentary systems, emphasi...

Unlock the powerful world of hormones and discover how endocrine health shapes every aspect of human physiology and disease.Endocrine physiology explores how glands like the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress responses. Hormonal signaling involves feedback loops, receptor interactions, and complex pathways maintaining homeostasis. Pathology arises when hormone production or action is disrupted, causing con...

A detailed guide to the bones, joints, and structure of the lower limb, including weight distribution, movement mechanics, and clinical relevance. Covers hip, femur, tibia, fibula, and foot anatomy, with explanations of fractures, avascular necrosis, and compartment syndrome. Key Topics: • Bones of the lower limb (Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Foot) • Pelvis and hip joint structure • Landmarks of the femur, tibia, and foot • Clinical relevance: Hip fractures, tibial fractures, compar...

Muscles of the Lower Limb Description: A detailed breakdown of the muscles controlling hip, knee, and foot movement, their functions, nerve supply, and clinical importance. Includes quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal muscles, and intrinsic/extrinsic foot muscles. Key Topics: • Hip flexors, extensors, abductors, and rotators • Quadriceps & hamstring functions in knee motion • Foot muscles & arch support • Clinical relevance: Trendelenburg gait, patellar tracking disorders ...

An in-depth study of the major joints and ligaments of the lower limb, explaining joint mechanics, stability, and injury prevention. Includes ACL, PCL, meniscus function, and ankle ligaments, with clinical cases on ligament tears and knee instability. Key Topics: • Hip vs. Shoulder Joint Stability • Knee Ligaments & Their Functions (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL) • Ankle Ligaments & Common Sprains • Meniscus role in knee stability • Clinical relevance: ACL tears, lateral ankle sprai...

This document contains: • 7 Multiple Choice Questions on the anatomy of the lower limb (e.g., femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, foot). • 3 Follow-up Multiple Choice Questions specifically related to the tibia, fibula, and pelvis. • 5 Tibia and Fibula Quiz Questions, focusing on the role of these bones and their interactions. • 5 Femur Quiz Questions, specifically covering the femur’s functions, shape, and movement. • 2 Essay Questions that explore the structural functions of th...

These notes cover key concepts in the biomechanics of the lower limb, focusing on joint movements, posture, and energy efficiency. They are perfect for students studying anatomy, physiology, or biomechanics. Key Topics: • Joint Movements: Understand movements at the hip, knee, and ankle joints, including flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation. • Support and Stability: Learn how the lower limbs support body weight with minimal energy using passive structures (ligaments, tendons), ...

Blood Supply & Venous Return of the Lower Limb Description: Covers the arterial supply and venous return of the lower limb, explaining how oxygen and nutrients reach muscles and joints and how blood returns to the heart against gravity. Discusses varicose veins, DVT, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Key Topics: • Major arteries & their branches (Femoral, Popliteal, Tibial) • Venous drainage (Deep & Superficial Systems, Saphenous Veins) • Role of valves in venous return ...

17 questions total. It's designed to test both foundational knowledge and clinical application of muscle anatomy and function in the lower extremity. The quiz includes 8 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 4 clinical application questions covering multiple aspects of lower limb muscle anatomy including: Compartmental organization of the lower limb Hip musculature and movement patterns Knee mechanics and the quadriceps muscle group Foot and ankle muscles with emphas...